Gestational diabetes mellitus as a predictor of health disorders and lipid metabolism in newborns and infants (literature review)

Abstract

Background. Diseases of the endocrine system in their mothers, namely gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), have a significant impact on the increase in morbidity in newborns. The main adverse outcome for children of mothers with GDM is macrosomia, as prenatal exposure to hyperglycemia increases the risk and programs the offspring to develop diabetes and/ or obesity in adulthood.Objective. To summarize modern scientific ideas about the impact of GDM on immediate and long-term disorders of health and lipid metabolism in newborns and young children.Material and methods. An extensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE database (PubMed) using keywords and filter: randomized controlled trial, meta-analysis, systematic review.Research results. This review summarizes the main evidence on the impact of maternal hyperglycemia on the health of her child and provides new information on the role of GDM in lipid disorders in newborns and young children.Conclusion. Children born to mothers with GDM have an increased risk of developing obesity and impaired glucose tolerance from a very early age and throughout all periods of child-hood. Maternal hyperglycemia affects both during pregnancy and the rate of physical development of children in early life. These studies are important given that neonatal fat, rather than birth weight, is an important risk factor for the development of obesity later in life.to summarize modern scientific ideas about the effect of GDM on immediate and long-term disorders of health and lipid metabolism in newborns and young children.