Abstract
Osteoporosis is frequently induced following menopause, and bone fractures result in serious problems including skeletal deformity, pain, and increased mortality. Therefore, safe and effective therapeutic agents are needed for osteoporosis. This study aimed to clarify the bone protecting effects of germinated soy germ extracts (GSGE) and their mode of action. GSGE increased expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCL) by stimulating the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osterix (Osx) through activation of Smad signaling molecules. Furthermore, germination of soy germ increased levels of nutritional components, especially soyasaponin Ab. The anabolic activity of soyasaponin Ab in GSGE was also evaluated. GSGE and soyasaponin Ab significantly protected against ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss and improved bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) level in mouse serum. These in vitro and in vivo study results demonstrated that GSGE and soyasaponin Ab have potential as therapeutic candidate agents for bone protection in postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Highlights
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation when reproductive capacity ceases
To study the effects of germinated soy germ on BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis, C2C12 cells were incubated with various concentrations of soy, soy germ, or germinated soy germ extract, followed by BMP-2 (100 ng/mL)
soy germ extracts (SGE) and germinated soy germ extracts (GSGE) did not show cytotoxicity, but soy extracts (SE) inhibited C2C12 cell proliferation at 100 μg/mL (Fig. 1c). These results suggest that GSGE significantly promoted BMP-2-dependent osteoblast differentiation compared with induction by SE and SGE
Summary
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation when reproductive capacity ceases. Hormone replacement therapy is reported to decrease the risk of osteoporosis by about 50% at the onset of menopause and to have long lasting effects[3]. Studies report that hormone replacement therapy could increase the potential risk of adverse effects such as breast tenderness, thromboembolic disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and endometrial cancer[4]. Studies are actively being conducted to improve symptoms of menopausal women in order to minimize adverse effects caused by hormone replacement therapy. To the best of our knowledge, no efficacy study has been performed on the molecular mechanism of postmenopausal osteoporosis using germinated soy germ and its functional components. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of germinated soy germ extracts (GSGE) and its pharmaceutical components on osteoblast differentiation and postmenopausal osteoporosis using an ovariectomized animal model
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
