Abstract
Abstract In 1949 Alexander Mitscherlich, a lecturer in psychiatry, and Fred Mielke, a medical student, published Wissenschaft ohne Menschlichkeit, a book for a research commission formed by the West German Physicians Chambers that documented the recent “doctors’ trial” at Nuremberg. The foreword, by the members of the working group that sent the commission to Nuremberg, observed that of the 90,000 doctors active in wartime Germany, only about 350 had committed medical crimes. This observation was echoed by Mitscherlich and Mielke in the preface, but at the same time they pointed to a larger moral crisis among German doctors as a whole.1 That this book was largely ignored by the medical profession in Germany indicates the tensions and disagreements existing among physicians regarding their profession’s conduct under Hitler.2
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