Geospatial Approach to Assess the Impact of Nutrients on Rice Equivalent Yield Using MODIS Sensors’-Based MOD13Q1-NDVI Data

Abstract

Crop productivity is a major concern all over the world to provide food security, resulting in the green revolution. It is noteworthy that the fertilizer implemented to farmland leads to more desirable cropping patterns. Utilization of agricultural land efficiently for the crop production requires the knowledge of the nutrient inconsistency. This paper has presented the power of geomatics, to retrieve the synoptic and substantial changes in cropping pattern. Results and interpretations lead to the evaluation of the contemporaneous cropping systems. After a major yield parameter scrutiny for crops (rice, wheat, sugarcane, and onion), the magnificent accelerations were suggested. Results demonstrated a correlation $r^{\mathrm {\mathbf {2}}}$ value of 0.834 with the estimated crop yield and normalized difference vegetation index. The Rice Equivalent Yield (REY) is highest at the range of 17–21 t/ha in the North, central and southern lower part, lowest at the western part ranging from 7–12 t/ha, with some part with 12–14 t/ha, while the most of the eastern part of the study site has shown the REY values ranging from 14 to 17 t/ha. The surveyed information, such as pH, electical conductivity, and organic carbon of the soil specimen, was used to examine the spatial discrepancies of rice-based cropping system’s productivity. Ultimately, the spatial-temporal maps of fertilization pattern, yield parameters (e.g., $N$ , $P$ , and $K$ ), and relational REY observation were illustrated using spatial interpolation.