Abstract
ABSTRACT A detailed geomorphological map of the Mt. Babia Góra Massif (1725 m a.s.l.), at a scale 1:10,000 is presented. A slope, glacial, periglacial and fluvial features were mapped on the base of the coupled field studies and LiDAR DEM analyses. This study underlines the complexity of rock slope failures (RSFs), in shaping the morphology of compact and isolated upland, exhibiting one of the highest incidences of RSFs yet recorded in Europe (29% for a whole massif, and 45% for the north face). A total of 212 RSFs were mapped of which 18 failures are large landslides (>0.25 km2), among them is one of the largest known (2.6 km2 and 150 × 106 m3) in the Polish Flysch Carpathians. The mapping and Schmidt-hammer results shed light on the problem of glacial relief of the massif, documenting the remnants of glacial deposits beyond the tongues of landslides in the Szumiąca Woda valley.
Highlights
The Western Carpathians are characterised by frequent occurrences of various types of slope failures (Němčok, 1982; Ondrášik, 2002)
This study underlines the complexity of rock slope failures (RSFs), in shaping the morphology of compact and isolated upland, exhibiting one of the highest incidences of RSFs yet recorded in Europe
Blocky and debris slope covers are typical of rigid thick-bedded sandstone, whereas muddy covers come from weak claystone formations
Summary
The Western Carpathians are characterised by frequent occurrences of various types of slope failures (Němčok, 1982; Ondrášik, 2002). Large rock slope failures (RSF) including ridge-splitting slope deformations, rock avalanches and rockslides are widespread on various lithologies in the high-elevated Tatra Mountains (2655 m a.s.l.) and Low Tatra Mountains (2043 m a.s.l.) (Němčok, 1982; Pánek et al, 2016) (Figure 1 (a)). The small (72 km2) Mt. Babia Góra Massif (Figure 1) represents the highest part of the Outer Western Carpathians (1725 m a.s.l.), featuring prominent local topography (up to 1095 m relief) and structural asymmetry between steep north-facing escarpment slope and gentle south-facing dip slopes (Figure 1(b))
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