Abstract
AbstractComplex relationships between different languages in a language family encoded in the lexicostatistic data can be subjected to a component analysis and represented geometrically, in terms of distances and angles. The fully automated method for construction of language taxonomy is tested on a sample of fifty languages of the Indo-European language group and applied to a sample of fifty languages of the Austronesian language group. The Anatolian and Kurgan hypotheses of the Indo-European origin and the 'express train' model of the Polynesian origin are thoroughly discussed.
Highlights
Changes in languages go on constantly affecting words through various innovations and borrowings [1]
Many evolutionary trees conflict with each other and with the traditionally accepted family arborescence [1]; the languages known as isolates cannot be reliably classified into any branch with other living languages [3]; the tree-reconstruction phylogenetic methods applied to the language families that do not develop by binary splitting lead to deceptive conclusions [4]
41 any particular assumption regarding to evolutionary processes in language, nor the Bayesian analysis used 46 previously [43, 3, 44] to construct the self-consistent tree-like representations in linguistic phylogenies, but as the unique linear transformation consistent with all of the structure of the matrix of 51 lexical distances calculated with respect to Swadesh’s list of meanings
Summary
Changes in languages go on constantly affecting words through various innovations and borrowings [1]. 41 any particular assumption regarding to evolutionary processes in language (as we do not concern ourselves with the problems of modeling contagion or the spread of information through a society), nor the Bayesian analysis used 46 previously [43, 3, 44] to construct the self-consistent tree-like representations in linguistic phylogenies, but as the unique linear transformation (in the class of stochastic matrices) consistent with all of the structure of the matrix of 51 lexical distances calculated with respect to Swadesh’s list of meanings. 56 by their symmetry can shed light on the origins of the Atayal ethnic system and its history
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