Abstract
Geomagnetism deals with all aspects of the Earth's magnetic field, also called the geomagnetic field, that surrounds our habitat in the form of the magnetosphere. We cannot sense the geomagnetic field in any way, and instrumental measurements as continuous recordings or dedicated surveys are necessary to study it. Each geomagnetic field observation contains contributions from several sources: the strongest one from the geodynamo process in Earth's outer core, from magnetized rocks in the lithosphere, and from a variety of electrical current systems flowing within the magnetosphere. The individual field contributions have different spatial and temporal characteristics. Although a clear source separation remains a challenge, all the contributions to the geomagnetic field can serve as valuable sources of information about our planet's interior, from the crust to the core, and about the condition of our space environment. This article provides an overview of all aspects of geomagnetism, with a focus on Earth's magnetic field sources inside the Earth and on its applications to understand Earth's interior.
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