Geoinformation-Cartographic Methods in Research of the Ecological and Economic Balance of the Territory

Abstract

Estimation of the ecological and economic balance of the territory is important for developing a strategy for its rational use. A comprehensive account of the types of anthropogenic impact, the determination of the corresponding anthropogenic load, and, ultimately, the natural protection of the land is a source for forming recommendations and conducting activities to maintain sustainable development. Currently, in domestic science there are examples of such an assessment for areas with different types of specialization: agricultural, agro-industrial, industrial, recreational, which indicates the relevance of such studies. The aim of this work is to assess the environmental and economic balance of the territory of Krasnoarmeysky district of Saratov region using geoinformation mapping methods. The article successively describes the stages of assessing the environmental and economic balance: collecting, processing, decoding satellite images of Sentinel and Landsat; compiling a database of vector objects by the type of economic use; calculating the coefficients of anthropogenic load and natural protection of the territory based on statistical data obtained in the geoinformation system. According to the absolute tension coefficient (Ka), 3 clusters are identified in the territory of Krasnoarmeysky district: a cluster of medium intensity ECB (from 0.5 to 1), low (from 0 to 0.3) and lowered (from 0.3 to 0.5). Clusters of high degrees of tension are not allocated. According to the coefficient of relative tension (Ko), 2 clusters of low (from 0 to 2.5) and lowered (2.5–5) tension were identified. Clusters of high degrees of tension, as in the previous case, were not identified. According to the coefficient of natural security of the territory, 2 clusters are identified. According to the Kez coefficient, the northwestern part of the district refers to territories with average protection (0.43–0.49). The northeastern, central, and southern parts of the region belong to territories with increased (more than 0.5) security. Low (0–0.35) and lowered (0.36–0.42) natural security in the region is absent. The obtained values of the coefficients allow us to assess the economic development of the region as balanced.