Geographic routing algorithm based on anchor nodes in vehicular network

Abstract

Vehicular network has the following characteristics such as nodes moving fast,topology changing rapidly. The direct use of Global Positioning System(GPS) devices causes large positioning error and low routing connectivity rate.Therefore,the packet delivery rate of the existing location-based routing algorithm is not high enough to provide reliable routing. A geographic routing algorithm based on anchor node in vehicle networks named Geographic Routing based on Anchor Nodes(GRAN) was proposed. Using street lamps as anchor nodes,a vehicle could locate itself through the anchor nodes.Combined with the road gateway and the central data,GRAN established a hierarchical routing structure,thus removing the steps of route discovery and the whole network broadcast. Thus,the routing overhead was reduced and the routing efficiency and the packet delivery rate were improved. By using the NS-2 software and selecting a realistic urban scene,a simulation was conducted on Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing(GPSR),Graphic Source Routing(GSR) and GRAN. The experimental results show that GRAN can provide a lower average delay,higher packet delivery ratio and throughput at a lower load,compared with several typical location-based routing protocols.