Geographic Patterns of Firearms With Short Time to Crime in the U.S. and the Americas, 2015-2023.

Resolving the Enigma of the Mesoamerican Nephropathy: A Research Workshop Summary

Badan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BKAD) of Banyumas Regency is an institution under a government position consisting of several sub-sectors, one of which is the Assets Sub-sector. The BKAD Regional Asset Sub-sector in Banyumas Regency has a type of Goods Inventory Card (KIB) that has not been managed properly, including KIB for office vehicles making it difficult to make a proposal for office vehicle maintenance. Maintenance of office vehicles is the initial stage of replacing vehicles according to employee needs so that employee performance can be maximized. Forecasts for office vehicle maintenance are presented to facilitate the implementation of duties in carrying out business trips. The methods used in data collection are survey methods, literature, and interviews. The data collection method used in this report uses a quantitative method with the C.45 algorithm. Predicting the quality of office vehicles can carry out several stages such as reviewing office vehicles, classifying the condition of office vehicles, after that a decision is made on which vehicles are suitable for use or not suitable for use. Analysis of predicting the quality of office vehicles using the C.45 algorithm with the rapidminer application can produce results in the form of a decision tree that is used by the asset sub-sector in order to make a decision. Based on the prediction results of office vehicle quality, it can be concluded that office vehicles will be suitable for use if the year of purchase or procurement is more than 2000 and office vehicles will not be suitable for use if the year of purchase or procurement is less than or equal to 2000. If you want to compare the results obtained it is advisable to use other tools or algorithms to make the next report.

Privacy policies are verbose, difficult to understand, take too long to read, and may be the least-read items on most websites even as users express growing concerns about information collection practices. For all their faults, though, privacy policies remain the single most important source of information for users to attempt to learn how companies collect, use, and share data. Likewise, these policies form the basis for the selfregulatory notice and choice framework that is designed and promoted as a replacement for regulation. The underlying value and legitimacy of notice and choice depends, however, on the ability of users to understand privacy policies. This paper investigates the differences in interpretation among expert, knowledgeable, and typical users and explores whether these groups can understand the practices described in privacy policies at a level sufficient to support rational decision-making. This paper seeks © 2015 Joel R. Reidenberg, Travis Breaux, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Brian French, Amanda Grannis, James T. Graves, Fei Liu, Aleecia McDonald, Thomas B. Norton, Rohan Ramanath, N. Cameron Russell, Norman Sadeh and Florian Schaub. † For their comments on this study, the authors would like to acknowledge and thank Alessandro Acquisti, Noah A. Smith, and Shomir Wilson, and the participants at the 2014 TPRC 42nd Research Conference on Communication, Information and Internet Policy. Funding for this project was provided, in part, by the National Science Foundation under its Secure and Trustworthy Computing (SaTC) initiative grants 1330596, 1330214, and 1330141 for “TWC SBE: Option: Frontier: Collaborative: Towards Effective Web Privacy Notice and Choice: A Multi-Disciplinary Prospective” and by a Fordham Law School Faculty Research Grant. †† Respectively, Stanley D. and Nikki Waxberg Chair and Professor of Law, Fordham University; Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University; Professor of Computer Science and Engineering & Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University: Senior Research Programmer, Carnegie Mellon University; Research Fellow, Fordham Center on Law and Information Policy; Ph.D Candidate (Engineering and Public Policy) Carnegie Mellon University; Ph.D Candidate (Computer Science), Carnegie Mellon University; Director of Privacy, Stanford Center for Internet & Society; Privacy Fellow, Fordham Center on Law and Information Policy; Masters Candidate (Computer Science), Carnegie Mellon University; Executive Director, Fordham Center on Law and Information Policy; Professor of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University; Postdoctoral Fellow (Computer Science), Carnegie Mellon University. 40 BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL [Vol. 30:1 to fill an important gap in the understanding of privacy policies through primary research on user interpretation and to inform the development of technologies combining natural language processing, machine learning, and crowdsourcing for policy interpretation and summarization. For this research, we recruited a group of law and public policy graduate students at Fordham University, Carnegie Mellon University, and the University of Pittsburgh (“knowledgeable users”) and presented these law and policy researchers with a set of privacy policies from companies in the e-commerce and news and entertainment industries. We asked them nine basic questions about the policies’ statements regarding data collection, data use, and retention. We then presented the same set of policies to a group of privacy experts and to a group of crowd workers representing typical Internet users. The findings show areas of common understanding across all groups for certain data collection and deletion practices, but also demonstrate very important discrepancies in the interpretation of privacy policy language, particularly with respect to data sharing. The discordant interpretations arose both within groups and between the experts and the two other groups. The presence of these significant discrepancies has critical implications. First, the common understandings of some attributes of described data practices mean that semiautomated extraction of meaning from website privacy policies may be able to assist typical users and improve the effectiveness of notice by conveying the true meaning of these policies. However, the disagreements among experts and disagreement between experts and the other groups reflect that ambiguous wording in typical privacy policies undermines the ability of privacy policies to effectively convey notice of data practices to the general public. The results of this research will, consequently, have significant policy implications for the construction of the notice and choice framework and for the U.S. reliance on this approach. The gap in interpretation indicates that privacy policies may be misleading the general public and that those policies could be considered legally unfair and deceptive. And, where websites are not effectively conveying privacy policies to consumers in a way that a “reasonable person” could, in fact, understand the policies, “notice and choice” fails as a framework. Such a failure has broad international implications since websites extend their reach beyond the United States.

Objective: Washington is among the first states to legalize recreational use of marijuana. This study examined marijuana use and risk perceptions before and after retail sales of recreational marijuana began in July 2014, the relationship between risk perceptions and marijuana use, and the relationship between self-reported marijuana use and drug test results.Methods: Roadside surveys were conducted in 3 waves: June 2014, the month before retail sales of marijuana began; 5–6 months later (November–December 2014); and 1 year later (June 2015). A total of 2,355 drivers completed a marijuana questionnaire about their past and current marijuana use and perceived risks associated with driving after using marijuana. Data collection also included biological specimens (oral fluid and/or blood for marijuana testing and breath for alcohol testing). Drivers who tested positive for delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or 11-hydroxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid or blood were defined as THC-positive.Results: The proportion of drivers who reported recent marijuana use was similar across the 3 surveys. However, the proportion of THC-positive daytime drivers increased from 8% before retail sales to 23% 6 months after retail sales; this proportion did not change among nighttime drivers (19 and 20%). Drivers’ perceived risk of impairment by marijuana and perceived risk of being arrested for marijuana-impaired driving were similar before and after retail sales. The odds of being THC-positive were 40% lower among drivers who perceived that marijuana was very likely to impair driving, compared to other drivers. Drivers’ perceived risk of being arrested for marijuana-impaired driving was not predictive of THC-positive driving.Conclusions: The prevalence of daytime THC-positive drivers increased substantially a few months after retail sales of marijuana were legal. Daytime and nighttime prevalence of THC-positive drivers was similar after retail sales. This pattern differs from that typically found for alcohol use, which is consistently higher among drivers at nighttime, compared to daytime. Reports of marijuana use were not always consistent with drug test results, which suggests that comparisons of self-reported marijuana use before and after legalization could be biased. This study examined marijuana use and risk perceptions over the course of 1 year. However, law changes may influence cultural norms gradually over a longer period of time. Future studies should continue to monitor marijuana use over time, as well as identify ways to determine whether drivers are impaired by marijuana.

The Department of Defense processed 83,173 FOIA requests in 1985; Health and Human Services had 105,687 requests, with 45,953 to the Food and Drug Administration; Treasury had 23,217 and the Department of Energy, 5,723. An estimated 91 percent of all requests were completely filled. Requests are wideranging. A research assistant at a California college and a newspaper reporter in Oregon asked the Department of Energy for detailed information on the Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST). A Maryland-based consulting firm asked the Navy for copies of procurement contracts. A Japanese firm in Kyobashi wanted a copy of an application for a drug dealing with antiarrythmia. An inmate in a mid-western prison asked the Army for instructions on making a bomb and advice on where to place it to blow up Denver. A hospital in Massachusetts requested a Quality Assurance Profile conducted by the FDA.' The management of FOIA and the way we think about information have both changed during the past 20 years. Government information in the 1980s has become a tangible commodity with a dollar value. Information Management is being defined as a multi-faceted process involving the collection, processing, storage, transmission, and use of Each facet is governed by different regulations. Businesses have become major requesters; submitters of information are seeking new protections for their data; the costs of providing information have been significantly higher than Congress anticipated. The Executive branch and a number of legislators are advocating that requesters pay for the records they receive as well as their value. For example, the proposed Senate bill to amend the FOIA (S.150) would permit agencies to charge a fair value fee or royalties for government records containing commercially valuable technological information. But there is little guidance on how to price the future value of Some argue that too much government information is being released harming government decision making and intelligence gathering as well as private sector competition. Others claim that access to government information is being sharply curtailed, damaging scientific exchange, research, and democratic processes. The focus of this discussion is the management of FOIA, but this is inextricably entwined in the larger question of information policy. The historical context out of which FOIA evolved is sketched first. Next, the way in which FOIA has been implemented and managed, is examined, with attention to how selected agencies have balanced the conflicting demands of Congress and the executive branch against their own goals

This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. The sample in this study were 105 respondents who were willing and willing to take the time to fill out a questionnaire that was taken using purposive and convience sampling methods. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by multiple linear regression with SPSS 17.00 software. The results of this study indicate that merchandise has an effect on consumer purchasing decisions with a significance value of 0.002, while the t table is 3.260, so the value of t count is greater than the t table. Store location does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.551 while t count 0.598, the t value is smaller than the t table value. Employee service is not significant towards consumer purchasing decisions at Bintang Aquarium Solo Shop, as evidenced by the t value of 1.450 while the significance value is 0.150, so the value of t count is smaller than t table. Price affects consumer purchasing decisions at the Bintang Aquarium Solo shop, as evidenced by the t value of 2,400, while the significance value is 0.018, so the value of t is greater than the value of t table.
 This study aims to analyze the effect of the store image of an ornamental fish shop which consists of merchandise variables, shop location, employee services, and prices on consumer purchasing decisions. T

Exocytosis is the major intracellular route for the delivery of proteins and lipids to the plasma membrane and the means by which vesicular contents are released into the extracellular space. The anterograde trafficking of vesicles to the plasma membrane is vital for membrane expansion during cell division; cell growth and migration; the delivery of specialised molecules to establish cell polarity; cell-to-cell communication; neurotransmission and the secretion of response factors such as hormones, cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. There are two major trafficking routes in eukaryotic cells, which are referred to as constitutive and regulated (Ory & Gasman, 2011). Constitutive exocytosis involves the steady state delivery of secretory carrier vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum via the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane (Lacy & Stow, 2011). Regulated or granule-mediated exocytosis involves a specific trigger, usually a burst of intracellular calcium following an extrinsic stimulus. This system is utilized for secretion in neuronal cells and other specialist secretory cells, such as neuroendocrine, endocrine and exocrine cells (Burgoyne & Morgan, 2003; Jolly & Sattentau, 2007; Lacy & Stow, 2011). Regulated exocytosis enables a rapid response from a subpopulation of vesicles already primed and competent for fusion (Manjithaya & Subramani, 2011; Nickel & Seedorf, 2008; Nickel, 2010). Regulated exocytosis is also used for polarised traffic of vesicular membrane and cargo to specific spatial landmarks and this is particularly important during times of dramatic change in cell morphology, such as cell division, cell motility, phagocytosis and axonal outgrowth.

This research aims to determine the process of Regional Asset Administration at the Rokan Hilir Regency BPKAD office and the obstacles faced in Regional Asset Administration at the Rokan Hilir Regency BPKAD office. The type of research used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Based on the research results, Regional Asset Administration at the Rokan Hilir Regency BPKAD office is based on bookkeeping, inventory and reporting indicators. The implementation of bookkeeping has not gone well because when goods are procured they are not immediately registered and recorded in the inventory book which ultimately causes data gaps on the Goods and Room Inventory Card such as goods codes, year of purchase, and important numbers on official vehicles caused by negligence in recording regional assets used by other parties. Then the implementation of the inventory also did not go well, such as data collection which was not optimal because the whereabouts of the goods were not clear, there were still goods which did not have item code labels because they were damaged and had not been refurbished, and there were still rooms which did not have Room Inventory Cards because they had not been renewed. And the implementation of reporting at the Rokan Hilir Regency BPKAD office has gone well because the submission is always on time. Obstacles in administering regional assets at the Rokan Hilir Regency BPKAD office include a lack of human resources and organizational cooperation as well as lack of orderly administration.

Badan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BKAD) of Banyumas Regency is the implementing element of the regional government in the areas of regional taxes, financial management and assets led by a Head of Agency who is located under and is responsible to the Mayor through the Regional Secretary. Badan Keuangan dan Aset Daerah (BKAD) of Banyumas Regency. has various types of Kartu Inventaris Barang (KIB) which are still not well managed, namely office equipment and machines, so a decision support system is needed to predict the removal of office equipment and machines. The use of data mining is done to help find out what equipment and machines are still suitable for use or not suitable for use every year in an institution. Data collection that is not careful in managing data can cause the allocation of funds not to be focused on replacing goods that are no longer feasible. Searching for information on datasets can be done with one of the Data Mining methods, namely the Naïve Bayes Algorithm using RapidMiner tools. The data set consists of 24 records with 3 attributes, namely the year of purchase or procurement, materials and conditions. The dataset is processed using the Naive Bayes algorithm and tested using a confusion matrix. An accuracy value of 100% is obtained which is categorized as a good classification.

Understanding racial differences in attitudes about public health efforts during COVID-19 using an explanatory mixed methods design

The long-term evolution (LTE)/LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network provides advanced services for billions of users with its higher bandwidths, better spectrum efficiency, and lower latency than legacy cellular networks. But it still suffers from new security threats due to its all IP-based heterogeneous architecture. Therefore, there is a critical need to perform a rapid and accurate network security measurement in the LTE/LTE-A network. To achieve LTE/LTE-A network security measurement, security-relevant data (in short security data) collection and data analysis for attack detection are required as prerequisites. However, most of the existing work only focuses on data collection and analysis for a certain type of LTE/LTE-A attacks. Little work has been done to comprehensively perform data collection and analysis for detecting various attacks on the LTE/LTE-A network. Different from previous work, in this paper, we review the security data collection and data analysis methods in terms of various attacks in order to provide the basis of security measurement in the LTE/LTE-A network. We first present a comprehensive taxonomy of attacks according to the LTE/LTE-A network structure. Then, we propose a number of criteria for evaluating the performance of data collection and analysis methods. And we lay our emphasis on the survey of data collection and analysis methods for significant active attack detection in the LTE/LTE-A network. All the reviewed methods are analyzed and discussed based on the proposed evaluation criteria. Furthermore, current open issues and future research challenges are presented with a view to stimulating future research. Finally, an adaptive data collection and data analysis model for security measurement in the LTE/LTE-A network is proposed.

Existing case-study research suggests that the recent increase in human rights violations in Latin America is attributed to the US-funded drug war. This narrative, which is referred to as the collateral damage perspective, stands in contrast to US human rights law, which makes governments' respect for human rights a precondition to receive aid. The apparent endogeneity between aid and human rights introduces bias that casts serious doubts on the validity of the collateral damage narrative. In addressing endoge- neity, this article presents a simultaneous instrumental variable analysis of the human rights effects of US counternarcotic aid in the Americas. The results show that while counternarcotic aid to regimes increases overall violations of human rights, this effect is greater among democracies than autocracies. And with the exception of torture, this fi nding is consistent when disappearances, political imprisonment, and extrajudicial killings are also considered. The implication of this research suggests that policy makers in Washington risk losing regional support for US drug control policies if US laws that govern the allocation of aid are not effectively implemented. The impact of US counternarcotic aid in facilitating the escalation of drug- related violence and human rights violations in Latin America is highly contested. Recent reports of the bodies of mutilated and decapitated victims of the drug war have grabbed the attention of the media, human rights groups, and policy think tanks (Amnesty International 2008; Molzahn, Rios, and Shirk 2012). Human rights groups claim that the escalation of drug-related violence, especially in Mexico and Colombia, and extrajudicial killings of citizens at the hands of their governments in the execution of the drug war are in large part a function of collateral damage by US fi nancial sponsorship of drug enforcement in the region (Amnesty Interna- tional and Fellowship of Reconciliation 2008). A burgeoning academic literature has found support for this collateral damage narrative. Recent empirical research shows that US drug enforcement policies and sponsorship of the drug war in Central America and the Caribbean produced the unintended effect of increasing levels of property crime and violent crime (Bartilow and Eom 2009a). Case studies show how US counternarcotic aid to democratic governments in Latin America has also produced the unintended effect of increasing human rights violations. In other words, the narrative that emerges is that as US counternarcotic aid interacts with the democratic institutional characteristics of recipient governments that are engaged in the execution of the drug war, it degrades respect for human rights (Youngers 2005; Bagley 1992; Crandall 2008; Craig 1980). This narrative, however, stands in direct contradiction to US human rights law. The Leahy Amendment (or Leahy's Law), passed by Congress in 1997, prohibits

Background: The background of this research arises from the need to understand the overall performance of Community Health Centers (CHCs) in East Lombok Regency. CHCs play a crucial role in providing public health services, and the evaluation of their performance is essential to ensure the effectiveness of these services. Through descriptive analysis of health survey data, valuable insights are expected to contribute to the development of health policies and the improvement of health services in East Lombok Regency. Purpose: To provide a comprehensive overview of the extent to which the performance goals of CHCs in the East Lombok region have been achieved. Method: This research employs a descriptive analysis approach by collecting data through a health survey involving respondents from various layers of the community in East Lombok Regency. Carefully crafted survey instruments are used to gather information related to CHCs performance, covering aspects such as accessibility, service quality, and public satisfaction. Data collection is conducted meticulously and structured to ensure the validity and reliability of the results. Descriptive statistical data analysis is employed to intricately describe the conditions of CHCs performance. This research method is expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing CHCs performance in East Lombok Regency. Results: There are several aspects that still need attention and improvement. In public health efforts, especially in health promotion, there are some indicators that are lacking, such as the number of types of printed health promotion media and the coverage of policies supporting the healthy living community movement. Maternal and child health also show satisfactory achievement levels, but there are still some variables that require further attention, such as the coverage of delivery services for mothers in health facilities and the coverage of services for toddlers. Additionally, in the development of community oral health efforts, there are some aspects that are assessed as less satisfactory, such as the implementation of community-based oral health efforts in integrated health service posts and traditional health practices that have not reached the desired targets. Therefore, to improve the performance of Masbagik CHC, a thorough evaluation of these less satisfactory aspects is needed, along with the design of appropriate improvement strategies to achieve more optimal results. Conclusion: Essential public health efforts, especially in health promotion, show less than optimal achievements. Meanwhile, environmental health and family health efforts demonstrate good achievements. Specific health services, such as vaccination, infectious disease control, and early detection of diseases, show good to excellent achievements. However, certain aspects of traditional health practices, sports, and occupational health show satisfactory achievements and require more attention. The implication is to enhance efforts in health promotion, strengthen traditional health efforts, and improve achievements in hajj health, sports, and occupational health to achieve a more holistic public health.

to examine the differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization rates among migrant populations in Veneto Region (Northern Italy), according to the geographic area of origin. all residents in Veneto Region aged <65 years were included in the analyses. All subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalized for COVID-19 were identified by means of the regional biosurveillance system. age- and gender-specific infection and hospitalization rates were stratified by geographic area of origin and were estimated using the number of incident cases over the resident population in Veneto on 01.01.2021. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for infection and hospitalization rates were estimated using a Poisson model, adjusted for age and gender, among migrants compared to Italians. compared to Italians, SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were significantly higher among migrants from Central and South America and Central and South Asia, lower among those from North Africa and High-Income Countries (HIC), and were approximately halved for those coming from Other Asian Countries (mainly represented by China). Hospitalization rates were significantly higher for all migrant populations when compared to Italians, with the exception of those coming from HIC. Neither age nor gender seemed to modify the association of the geographic area of origin with SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization rates. IRR for SARS-CoV-2 infection of migrants compared to Italians showed how migrants from Other Asian Countries had the lowest infection rates (-53%), followed by people from HIC (-25%), North Africa (-21%), and Eastern Europe (-10%). Higher infection rates were present for Central and South America and Central and South Asia (+17% and +10, respectively). Hospitalization rates were especially high among migrants from Central and South Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, ranging from 1.84 to 3.14 times those observed for Italians. a significant heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization rates of migrant populations from different geographic areas of origin were observed. The significantly lower incidence rate ratio for infections, compared to that observed for hospitalizations, is suggestive of a possible under-diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection among migrant populations. Public health efforts should be targeted at increasing support among migrants to contrast the spread of the pandemic by potentiating vaccination campaigns, contact tracing, and COVID-19 diagnostic tests.

INTRODUCTION: Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a common gastric infection with the highest prevalence in Asia, Africa, Central, and South America as well as in U.S. immigrants from these areas. Current American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines recommend screening for HP in cases such as patients with active or prior peptic ulcer disease (PUD). However, screening is not recommended for patients who exhibit only symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) irrespective of regional origin. The goal of this study was to determine if patients from endemic regions with GERD should be screened for HP. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of all patients who presented to an internal medicine ambulatory care clinic in 2017 with symptoms of GERD and/or PUD for whom orders were placed for HP testing via stool antigen or endoscopic biopsy. GERD symptoms were defined as reflux or heartburn and PUD as any symptom of dyspepsia. Patients were stratified by symptoms: GERD, PUD, or both. Exclusion criteria were as follows: tests ordered but never collected, orders for confirmation of cure for prior infection, multiple tests ordered for the same patient over the study period, tested patients with no symptoms, and patients with symptoms related to a non-H. pylori preexisting disorder. Enrolled patients were further stratified by region of origin. RESULTS: 122 patients that met the selection criteria were included in this study. 43% (52/122) of all patients were positive for HP. Of those that were positive, 92% (48/52) came from an endemic area (83% from South or Central America) and of these 75% (36/48) had PUD symptoms, 25% (12/48) had GERD only, and 52% (25/48) had both GERD and PUD symptoms. Of HP positive patients from non-endemic areas, all had GERD symptoms (4/4), with 1 having GERD only. Of patients that had GERD symptoms only, 25% (12/48) tested positive for HP and were from endemic areas. CONCLUSION: In our study, 25% of patients from endemic regions with solely GERD symptoms tested positive for HP, suggesting that recommendations for screening should include this population. Our data collection was small and skewed towards patients originating from endemic regions of South and Central America, and the results may not be applicable to other endemic regions, such as Asia and Africa. Further studies are needed to establish appropriate screening recommendations that are applicable to other endemic areas, so that the diagnosis of HP is not missed.