Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces

Abstract

The phase discontinuity that occurs at the mineral-water interface greatly influences the geochemical cycles of many elements. The composition of natural waters and the flux of material through the hydrosphere are largely controlled by the weathering of minerals and the precipitation of new phases -- processes in which the mineral - water interface plays a fundamental role. In addition, mineral surfaces may act as catalysts for chemical or biological transformations that occur within the hydrosphere. Reactions at the mineral-water interface are of interest in the study of ore genesis, geochemical exploration, mineral separation processes such as flotation and sedimentation, transport of adsorbed nutrients or pollutants in rivers and lakes, scavenging of trace elements in the oceans, and the transport of nuclear or other hazardous waste materials in groundwaters.