Abstract
In this study, patina layers on artefacts composed of different rock types were examined, with all specimens originating from arid and semi-arid environments of South Africa. Microscopic observations showed a continuous mineralogical change from the unaltered core to the rim, suggesting that the patina layer is the result of weathering and/or chemical leaching of the rock surface. Elemental mapping by micro-PIXE and SEM showed depletion in leachable elements such as Mg, K, Ca, Fe and to a lesser extent Al, Si and Mn towards the surface for all artefacts analysed. This kind of distribution suggests the possibility that a leaching and exudation process through fluid activity might be responsible for the gradual, and in some cases extensive removal of the elements towards the patina surface.
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