Abstract
Abstract The stronghold in Grzybowo (Rabieżyce village) near Września is a remnant of medieval ring-fort. It is investigated to a considerably lower degree than similar objects from Greater Poland. The analysis of archival data shows that the stronghold is located on the edge of the flood plain of the Struga River formed by Holocene sediments, cutting into the moraine plateau. Analysis of sediments in the stronghold vicinity revealed interlayers of organic matter and sandy deposits rich in calcium carbonate with variable grain size composition, particularly west of the stronghold (i.e. in the valley floor). Moreover, radiocarbon data set showed a considerably older than Holocene age of the sediment. The analysis of the course of the contemporary river channel also allowed for stating hypotheses regarding a potentially different course of the former Struga River channel and its changes during the development of the stronghold. These assumptions were based on the analysis of the archaeological archival data, where field drawings suggest the existence of such a channel in the territory of the stronghold.
Highlights
During the human occupation of the area, it has been constantly transformed and adjusted to human needs
The analysis of archival data shows that the stronghold is located on the edge of the flood plain of the Struga River formed by Holocene sediments, cutting into the moraine plateau
The analysis of the course of the contemporary river channel allowed for stating hypotheses regarding a potentially different course of the former Struga River channel and its changes during the development of the stronghold
Summary
During the human occupation of the area, it has been constantly transformed and adjusted to human needs. Human impact on the natural environment can be direct or indirect (Latocha, Traczyk 2006). The direct effect is more evident in the landscape. The basic components of the abiotic environment are new landforms developed by man, such as the stronghold in Grzybowo (Fig. 1). In the case of the biotic environmental components, the record is more difficult to determine, and its analysis is more challenging, as exemplified by results of pollen analysis. The modern landscape in the vicinity of the stronghold results from natural processes predominant in the development of land relief. Anthropogenic morphogenetic activity is observed in the undertaken groundworks that revealed relicts of the stronghold’s rampart and moat, still visible today. Throughout centuries since its abandonment, the stronghold has been
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