Abstract
Medicinal plants are a vital source of new bioactive compounds due to their ecological biodiversity and varied chemical properties of each species. Phenotypic selection coupled with the evaluation of genotypes based on the chemical profile can be used for the development of a high-yielding variety. However, most of the raw material that has been used for commercial production of herbal products is mainly derived from wild sources, with little knowledge of the quality of genetic materials. Thus, three medicinal species, Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed), Andrographis paniculata (Creat), and Baeckea frutescens (False ru), were chosen based on their significant benefits to human health. These medicinal species have been traditionally used to treat various illnesses, and have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. This paper highlights the harvesting method and collection of accessions from natural habitats for the selection of superior genotypes. Individual plants having superior phenotypic characteristics and bioactive compounds were identified. We successfully developed appropriate propagation techniques for each species for the mass production of high-yielding planting material. The establishment of breeding activities for these medicinal plants will provide quality raw materials to support the herbal industry in increasing the value of pharmaceutical products. These efforts will also ensure the sustainable production of high-quality planting materials for the establishment of herbal plantations.
Highlights
The success of breeding programs for the improvement of certain characteristics of plant species depends on the existence of genetic variability for the selection of individuals with favorable attributes [1]
Screening of chemical constituents from 35 accessions of C. odorata found that the Screening of chemical constituents from 35 accessions of C. odorata found that the concentration of aromadendrin 40 -methyl ether was higher than the concentrations of concentration0 of aromadendrin 4′-methyl ether was higher than the concentrations of naringenin 4 -methyl ether
The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the different types of rooting substrates in promoting the rooting ability of B. frutescens
Summary
The success of breeding programs for the improvement of certain characteristics of plant species depends on the existence of genetic variability for the selection of individuals with favorable attributes [1]. The most frequently addressed characteristics are related to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, the yield of the raw material, quality characteristics of the end-use product such as taste or concentration, and others [2]. This can be achieved through selection techniques practiced in conventional breeding programs. Most of the plant improvement programs in Malaysia are designed for vegetables, rice, and fruits through selecting superior plants from local and foreign genetic resources [4]
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