Abstract
Apocynum plants, especially A. venetum and A. hendersonii, are rich in flavonoids. In the present study, a whole genome survey of the two species was initially carried out to optimize the flavonoid biosynthesis-correlated gene mining. Then, the metabolome and transcriptome analyses were combined to elucidate the flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Both species have small genome sizes of 232.80 Mb (A. venetum) and 233.74 Mb (A. hendersonii) and showed similar metabolite profiles with flavonols being the main differentiated flavonoids between the two specie. Positive correlation of gene expression levels (flavonone-3 hydroxylase, anthocyanidin reductase, and flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) and total flavonoid content were observed. The contents of quercitrin, hyperoside, and total anthocyanin in A. venetum were found to be much higher than in A. hendersonii, and such was thought to be the reason for the morphological difference in color of A. venetum and A. hendersonii. This study provides valuable genomic and metabolome information for understanding of A. venetum and A. hendersonii, and lays a foundation for elucidating Apocynum genus plant flavonoid biosynthesis.
Highlights
Apocynum, commonly known as kendir or Luobuma since pre-historic times due to its excellent quality fiber, is a genus in the Apocynaceae family used as a medicine and source of fiber
In order to analyze crucial genes in the synthesis of flavonoids and fully mine molecular biology data from A. venetum and A. hendersonii, we present here the metabolome profile and transcriptome data to analyze metabolite pathways associated with flavonoid biosynthesis
A total of 116.45 Gb for A. venetum and 120.61 Gb for A. hendersonii raw base were obtained by the Illumina Hiseq platform (Table 1)
Summary
Commonly known as kendir or Luobuma since pre-historic times due to its excellent quality fiber, is a genus in the Apocynaceae family used as a medicine and source of fiber. They are considered native to a large number of countries in northern and south Eastern Europe, northern. There is much divergence in their taxonomy, there exist mainly two species, Apocynum venetum and Apocynum hendersonii ( called Apocynum pictum) in China distributed widely in the northwest and the coast of the Yellow Sea [1,2].
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