Abstract
BackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study conducted a genome-wide microarray analysis and qPCR validation to obtain comprehensive insights into this issue.MethodsThirty male HCC patients with chronic HBV infection were included in the present study. Primary HCC tissue and normal tissue were collected. Double-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from 10 pairs of samples was labeled and hybridized to a microarray chip. Further analyses, such as hierarchical clustering, gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses, were performed. In addition, qPCR validation was performed on tissue samples and additional serum samples.ResultsThe microarray analysis identified 946 upregulated and 571 downregulated lncRNAs and 1720 upregulated and 1106 downregulated mRNAs. Among these RNAs, ENST00000583827.1 (fold change: 21) and uc010isf.1 (fold change: 18) were the most over- and underexpressed lncRNAs in the HCC tissues, respectively. For the mRNAs, KIF20A (fold change: 26) and HEPACAM (fold change: 50) were the most over- and underexpressed in the HCC tissues, respectively. The GO analysis demonstrated that the most differentially expressed mRNAs were related to the response of metal ions. The pathway analysis also suggested that the most enriched pathway was mineral absorption.ConclusionsThe subsequent qPCR validation exhibited high consistency with the microarray analysis, except for three lncRNAs. The qPCR analysis also demonstrated that TCONS_00008984 had a 767-fold overexpression level in HCC tissues when compared with normal tissues, and this finding was confirmed in the serum samples; therefore, TCONS_00008984 has the potential to serve as a diagnostic marker or prognostic indicator. The GO and pathway analyses indicated that exposure to inorganic elements may be involved in HCC risk.
Highlights
IntroductionLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Long noncoding RNAs are closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Patients were included in the present study if they met the following criteria (1) primary HCC confirmed by a pathological report; (2) male aged from 20 to 79 years; (3) before the onset of HCC, patients were diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by ELISA or any diagnostic tests; (4) they are residents who lived in Xiamen for over 10 years
Summary
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With the progress of medical science, chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the potential development of cirrhosis and fibrosis have been acknowledged as the major risk factors for developing HCC and account for approximately 80% of HCC incidence [1, 2]. Based on previously acquired evidence, it can be concluded that most regions with a high prevalence of HCC show an overlap with a high prevalence of HBV or HCV infection. Among these hepatitis virus-related HCC patients, HBV is responsible for 75–80% of virus-related HCC cases while HCV accounts for the remaining 10–20% [3]. Approximately half of HCC cases worldwide have been reported in China, which has been recognized as a pressing public health issue [5]
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