Abstract
Long-term storage of seeds leads to lose seed vigor with slow and non-uniform germination. Time, rate, homogeneity, and synchrony are important aspects during the dynamic germination process to assess seed viability after storage. The aim of this study is to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using a high-density genetic linkage map of common wheat (Triticum aestivum) for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging. Two hundred and forty-six recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross between Zhou 8425B and Chinese Spring were evaluated for seed storability. Ninety-six QTLs were detected on all wheat chromosomes except 2B, 4D, 6D, and 7D, explaining 2.9–19.4% of the phenotypic variance. These QTLs were clustered into 17 QTL-rich regions on chromosomes 1AL, 2DS, 3AS (3), 3BS, 3BL (2), 3DL, 4AS, 4AL (3), 5AS, 5DS, 6BL, and 7AL, exhibiting pleiotropic effects. Moreover, 10 stable QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2D, 3D, 4A, and 6B (QaMGT.cas-2DS.2, QaMGR.cas-2DS.2, QaFCGR.cas-2DS.2, QaGI.cas-3DL, QaGR.cas-3DL, QaFCGR.cas-3DL, QaMGT.cas-4AS, QaMGR.cas-4AS, QaZ.cas-4AS, and QaGR.cas-6BL.2). Our results indicate that one of the stable QTL-rich regions on chromosome 2D flanked by IWB21991 and IWB11197 in the position from 46 to 51 cM, presenting as a pleiotropic locus strongly impacting seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging. These new QTLs and tightly linked SNP markers may provide new valuable information and could serve as targets for fine mapping or markers assisted breeding.
Highlights
Seeds during long-term storage will gradually deteriorate, lose vigor and stress resistance, and die (Nguyen et al, 2012; Waterworth et al, 2016)
This study aims to (1) identify stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed vigor-related traits under artificial aging, (2) search for candidate genes at the detected QTL regions, and (3) obtain comprehensive understanding of the mechanism in seed deterioration
In the controlled deterioration test (CDT) treatment, two parental lines germinated slightly earlier with a moderate germination rate compared to the means of recombinant inbred line (RIL) (Table 1)
Summary
Seeds during long-term storage will gradually deteriorate, lose vigor and stress resistance, and die (Nguyen et al, 2012; Waterworth et al, 2016). Seed aging process is inevitable during storage and it has been estimated that approximately 25% of the annual value will be lost owing to poor seed quality (McDonald, 1999; Rajjou et al, 2008; Schwember and Bradford, 2010), the importance of the assessment of seed deterioration to effective preservation in agriculture (Ahmed et al, 2016). Progressive loss of seed vigor is often occurred during the seed storage (Rajjou et al, 2008; Bewley et al, 2013; Zhang et al, 2016). Rate, homogeneity, and synchrony are important aspects that needed to be measured during the dynamic germination process (Ranal and de Santana, 2006; Bewley et al, 2013)
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