Abstract
Agronomic characteristics and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in hexaploid wheat can be drastically improved through wheat-alien introgression. However, the transcriptional level interactions of introduced alien genes in the wheat genetic background is rarely investigated. In this study, we report the genome-wide impacts of introgressed chromosomes derived from Ae. longissima on gene transcriptions of the wheat landrace Chinese Spring. RNA-seq analyses demonstrated 5.37% and 4.30% of the genes were significantly differentially expressed (DEGs) in CS-Ae. longissima disomic 3Sl#2(3B) substitution line TA3575 and disomic 6Sl#3 addition line TA7548, respectively when compared to CS. In addition, 561 DEGs, including 413 up-regulated and 148 down-regulated or not transcribed genes, were simultaneously impacted by introgressed chromosomes 3Sl#2 and 6Sl#3, which accounts for 41.25% of the DEGs in TA3575 and 38.79% in TA7548. Seventeen DEGs, annotated as R genes, were shared by both introgression lines carrying chromosomes 3Sl#2 and 6Sl#3, which confer resistance to powdery mildew. This study will benefit the understanding of the wheat gene responses as result of alien gene(s) or chromosome intogression and the plant defense response initiated by powdery mildew resistance genes in chromosomes 3Sl#2 and 6Sl#3.
Highlights
Agronomic characteristics and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in hexaploid wheat can be drastically improved through wheat-alien introgression
We report the genome-wide impact on gene transcription in a recipient wheat landrace Chinese Spring (CS) caused by the introgression of pairs of the alien chromosomes 3Sl#2 and 6Sl#3 (Ae. longissima), each of which harbors resistance genes to powdery mildew[41], based on comparative transcriptome analyses of CS with a CS-Ae. longissima disomic 3Sl#2(3B) substitution line (TA3575) and a disomic 6Sl#3 addition line (TA7548)
The PCR results showed that no 3B-specific bands were amplified using 3B-specific primer pairs in both TA3575 and the N3B-T3D control, where a pair of chromosome 3B was replaced by two pairs of 3D
Summary
Agronomic characteristics and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in hexaploid wheat can be drastically improved through wheat-alien introgression. Seventeen DEGs, annotated as R genes, were shared by both introgression lines carrying chromosomes 3Sl#2 and 6Sl#3, which confer resistance to powdery mildew. Of the currently catalogued genes against the major diseases in wheat like leaf rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew, at least 50% of those genes have been derived from wheat ancestors or other wild relatives including Ae. tauschii, Ae. speltoides, Ae. geniculata Roth, Ae. longissima Schweinf. Despite the importance of the improvement of genetic diversity in common wheat, most alien genes are currently under-utilized due to the limitation of deleterious linkage drag introduced with alien chromosome segments. Linkage drag may be caused by the inability of introduced alien chromosome segments to adequately compensate for the loss of their homoeologous counterparts or incompatible gene interactions between the alien donor and the recipient wheat line. The regulatory mechanism underlying the widespread gene transcription of the alien chromosome(s) is still unclear
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