Abstract
The probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii CNCM I-4884 exhibits anti-Giardia activity in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of giardiasis. The aim of this study was the identification and characterization of the probiotic potential of L. johnsonii CNCM I-4884, as well as its safety assessment. This strain was originally classified as Lactobacillus gasseri based on 16S gene sequence analysis. Whole genome sequencing led to a reclassification as L. johnsonii. A genome-wide search for biosynthetic pathways revealed a high degree of auxotrophy, balanced by large transport and catabolic systems. The strain also exhibits tolerance to low pH and bile salts and shows strong bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Sequencing results revealed the absence of antimicrobial resistance genes and other virulence factors. Phenotypic tests confirm that the strain is susceptible to a panel of 8 antibiotics of both human and animal relevance. Altogether, the in silico and in vitro results confirm that L. johnsonii CNCM I-4884 is well adapted to the gastrointestinal environment and could be safely used in probiotic formulations.
Highlights
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host [1]
The aim of this study is to investigate the safety profile and probiotic potential of the strain L. johnsonii CNCM I-4884, a Gram-positive bacterium registered in the National
L. johnsonii CNCM I-4884 was selected from a previous screening based on anti-Giardia activity in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of giardiasis
Summary
Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host [1]. Some of the better known beneficial effects of probiotics include stimulation of innate and adaptive immune response, modulation of the host metabolism (through enzymes and metabolites), anti-pathogenic activity, and stimulation of the barrier effect of the intestinal epithelium [2]. Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics in a wide range of conditions, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) [3], cancer [4], food allergy [5], metabolic syndrome [6], inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [7], depression [8], Clostridioides difficile infection [9] and Giardia infection [10], among others. The efficacy of probiotics has been shown to be strain- and disease-specific [11]. Probiotics belong mainly to microorganisms of the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces. Many members of the genus Lactobacillus are Generally Recognized As Safe
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