Abstract
Species of Limnobacter genus are widespread in a variety of environments, yet knowledges upon their metabolic potentials and mechanisms of environmental adaptation are limited. In this study, a cell aggregate containing Limnobacter and anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) was captured from an enriched anaerobic methane oxidizing (AOM) microbial community. A genomic bin of Limnobacter was obtained and analyzed, which provides the first metabolic insights into Limnobacter from an AOM environment. This Limnobacter was found to contain genes involved in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, the citrate cycle, citronellol degradation, and transporters of various organic substances, indicating a potentially heterotrophic lifestyle. A number of genes involved in sulfur oxidization, oxidative phosphorylation and ethanol fermentation that serve both aerobic and anaerobic purposes have been found in Limnobacter. This work suggests that in the AOM environment, Limnobacter strains may live on the organic substances produced through AOM activity and subsequently may contribute to the AOM community by providing sulfate from sulfur oxidation.
Highlights
Members of Limnobacter genus have often been detected in various environments, such as surface sea water, the deep ocean, the human intestine, and volcanic deposits (Lu et al, 2008; Eloe et al, 2010; Rigsbee et al, 2010; Vedler et al, 2013)
Genes encoding tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporters (TRAPs) for dicarboxylate, C4dicarboxylate and mannitol/chloroaromatic compounds were identified. These findings indicate a heterotrophic lifestyle for Limnobacter sp
Genomic analysis revealed a heterotrophic lifestyle of Limnobacter sp
Summary
Members of Limnobacter genus have often been detected in various environments, such as surface sea water, the deep ocean, the human intestine, and volcanic deposits (Lu et al, 2008; Eloe et al, 2010; Rigsbee et al, 2010; Vedler et al, 2013). Very few species of this genus have been isolated and characterized, and only two Limnobacter species, L. thiooxidans and L. litoralis, have been described (Spring et al, 2001; Lu et al, 2011). Both species are heterotrophic and capable of aerobically utilizing thiosulfate as an energy source. Only one genome from Limnobacter genus is available but without insight analysis MED105, genome analysis has not yet been reported). The metabolic potentials and environmental relevance of this genus are not well-understood
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