Geniposidic acid protects against d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic failure in mice

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevanceGeniposidic acid (GA) is an iridoid glucoside isolated from Gardeniae jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) that has long been used to treat inflammation, jaundice and hepatic disorders. Aims of the studyThis study examined the cytoprotective properties of GA against d-galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Materials and methodsMice were given an intraperitoneal injection of GA (12.5, 25, 50mg/kg) 1h before receiving GalN (800mg/kg)/LPS (40μg/kg). Liver and blood samples were collected 1 and 8h after GalN/LPS injection. ResultsThe survival rate of the GA group was significantly higher than the control. GalN/LPS increased serum aminotransferase activity, serum tumor necrosis factor-α level and hepatic lipid peroxidation and decreased hepatic glutathione content. These changes were attenuated by GA. GA augmented increases in serum interleukin-6 level, heme oxygenase-1 and NF-E2-related factor 2 protein expression. Mice treated with GA decreased cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 protein expression and showed significantly fewer apoptotic cells. GA increased Bcl-xL protein expression and decreased Bax protein expression. Moreover, GA treatment enhanced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. ConclusionOur findings suggest that geniposidic acid alleviates GalN/LPS-induced liver injury by enhancing antioxidative defense system and reducing apoptotic signaling pathways.