Abstract
BackgroundBamei pigs are special germplasm resources in Qinghai. In the specific environment of the Qinghai plateau, local breeds, through long-term natural and artificial selection, have acquired a relatively stable population structure and genetic diversity. This study revealed Bamei pigs’ genetic diversity at the molecular level and the degree of introgression of commercial breeds into Bamei pigs.MethodsThe mitochondrial DNA D-loop region was amplified and sequenced using the ABI 3130 DNA sequencer. Sequences were collected, edited and aligned using the MEGA 5.0, DNASTAR and ClustalX 1.81 software. Haplotypes of all sequences and genetic diversity were analyzed by DnaSP 5.0 software.Results and conclusionsWe identified a total of 73 polymorphic sites in our 489 novel sequences, including 1 single variable site and 72 parsimony informative sites.Genetic diversity was analyzed in this study. The results showed that haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and the average number of nucleotide differences of Bamei pigs were lower than those of commercial pigs. Synthetic evaluation of genetic diversity through principal component analysis indicated that Bamei pigs also showed low genetic diversity. In summary, the results of sequence analysis showed that Bamei pigs were low in genetic diversity, and the introgression of commercial pigs into Bamei pigs was serious.
Highlights
Bamei pigs are special germplasm resources in Qinghai
The transition: transversion ratio R (Ts/Tv) was 13.29:1, indicating a strong transitional bias that is common in mammalian mitochondrial evolution [13]
The result showed that haplotype diversity of Bamei pigs was lower than that of commercial pigs
Summary
Bamei pigs are special germplasm resources in Qinghai. In the specific environment of the Qinghai plateau, local breeds, through long-term natural and artificial selection, have acquired a relatively stable population structure and genetic diversity. The Bamei pig is the indigenous pig breed in Qinghai Province of China, where there is a plateau continental climate. Under the influence of the ecological environment and natural and artificial selection, the Bamei pig was developed, which has the characteristics of good adaptability, high resistance, large litter size, good maternal qualities, high fat deposition ability, good meat quality and flavor, genetic stability, strong inbreeding resistance, adaptation to cold climate conditions and extensive feeding and management. The production performance was increased, the Bamei pig breed is at risk of extinction [3]
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