Genetic diseases are not necessarily inherited: suggestion on its Chinese translation.

Abstract

From Mendel's discovery of the basic laws of genetics in 1865 to the widespread application of genomics in medicine today, medical genetics has made enormous progress, and the concept of genetic diseases has also been evolved. In 1972, the World Health Organization (WHO) expert group began to use "Genetic Disease" to define hereditary diseases, while early Chinese genetics textbooks used "inferior inheritance", and later introduced terms such as "Genetic Disease" and "Inherited Disease". In the early days, it was generally believed that genetic diseases were inherited from ancestors. However, research in recent years has found that genetic diseases are not necessarily inherited, and some diseases are actually caused by de novo mutations in the offspring. Although the occurrence of this type of genetic disease is related to genetic factors, it is not inherited from ancestors. If we still use "Inherited Disease" or "Hereditary Disease" to describe it, it is not accurate enough. In order to further standardize the translation and use of the concept of "Genetic Disease", this article briefly reviews its development process in both English and Chinese literature, discusses the difference between different Chinese translations, and provides guidance and suggestions for scientifically and accurately describing genetic diseases in Chinese, with a view to promote efficient exchange and cooperation in the field of medical genetics.