Abstract
Genetic approach in personalized medicine in type 2 diabetes
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia commonly associated with insulin resistance at high risk of renal, neurological and cardiovascular complications
T2DM is a multifactorial disease where metabolic impairment is the common feature: it is clinically characterized by high blood glucose levels that can lead to an inadequate insulin secretion, insulin resistance and/or glucagon secretion impairment, often associated with comorbidity [2]
According to the ADA (American Diabetes Association) guidelines, T2DM diagnosis is based on plasma glucose criteria, either the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) value, or the 2-hour plasma glucose (2-h PG) value during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentage evaluation [3]
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia commonly associated with insulin resistance at high risk of renal, neurological and cardiovascular complications. According to the ADA (American Diabetes Association) guidelines, T2DM diagnosis is based on plasma glucose criteria, either the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) value, or the 2-hour plasma glucose (2-h PG) value during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) percentage evaluation [3]. For HbA1c levels less than 7% therapy based on sodiumglucose transport protein 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), or glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonist (GLP1-RA) may be suggested [4] while highly uncompensated T2DM patients showing HbA1c percentage from 8 up to 9%, need insulin treatment alone or in combination with other hypoglycemic drugs [4].
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