Abstract
The whole mitochondrial genome ofLateolabrax maculatus(Cuvier, 1828) was used to investigate the reasons for the observed patterns of genetic differentiation among 12 populations in northern and southern China. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity ofL. maculatuswere 0.998 and 0.00169, respectively. Pairwise FSTvalues between populations ranged from 0.001 to 0.429, correlating positively with geographic distance. Genetic structure analysis and haplotype network analysis indicated that these populations were split into two groups, in agreement with geographic segregation and environment. Tajima’s D values, Fu’s Fs tests and Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) indicated that a demographic expansion event may have occurred in the history ofL. maculatus. Through selection pressure analysis, we found evidence of significant negative selection at the ATP6, ND3, Cytb, COX3, COX2 and COX1 genes. In our hypotheses, this study implied that demographic events and selection of local environmental conditions, including temperature, are responsible for population divergence. These findings are a step forward toward the understanding of the genetic basis of differentiation and adaptation, as well as conservation ofL. maculatus.
Highlights
The Chinese sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus (Cuvier, 1828), is an endemic species in Northeast Asia, mainly distributed along the coasts of China, Japan and Korea (Niu et al 2015)
The total length of the mitochondrial genome of L. maculatus was 16,601 bp, which is close to L. japonicus (16,593 bp)
The genetic diversity of a population is correlated with the survival status of the species
Summary
The Chinese sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus (Cuvier, 1828), is an endemic species in Northeast Asia, mainly distributed along the coasts of China, Japan and Korea (Niu et al 2015). The species is associated with reefs in shallow oceanic waters that widely vary in temperature and salinity. This fish spawns on rocky reefs and juveniles may enter rivers. Because of its delicious meat, fast growth rate and short breeding period, L. maculatus is a valuable recreational and aquaculture fishery species. It is commonly reared in cages and ponds in China, with yields exceeding 10×104 tons from 2010 to 2014. Cage-reared L. maculatus have been imported from China into Korea and Japan for human consumption (An et al 2014). The results of such study can be used to prevent overfishing and declines in the numbers of L. maculatus
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