Abstract
Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus) is a highly endangered fish species listed in Appendix 1 of CITES since1980.In order to explore the population genetic structure of golden Asian arowanas Scleropages formosus from the breeding population, of 26 fish sampled were genotyped at twenty microsatellite loci. The average allele number of 14 polymorphic microsatellites was 2.94 loci. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.446 ranging from 0.143 to 1.00, and the gene diversity was quite high (0.78).All these data suggest that middle level of genetic diversity existed in the golden Asian arowana population. Data showed the population somewhat departed from HWE, such as excessive and deficient heterozygote numbers.AMOVA analysis offered evidence of a weak genetic differentiation with 0.51% variation between samples.
Highlights
Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus), commonly known as the Dragonfish, belong to an ancient family of fishes, the Osteoglossidae, which literally means bony-tongue
analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) analysis with Arlequin software showed faint differentiation with 0.51% variation in population. This could be caused by gene flow between populations, because few migrants per generation are sufficient to eliminate genetic evidence of stock structure, and that is common in marine species (Waples, 1998). Ho, He and Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) are parameters of genetic variations which were 2.94, 0.446, 0.4945 and 0.432, respectively.Data showed the levels of genetic diversity were relatively middle in the population, compared to previously published surveys of population variability
Our results were relatively lower to the report (Yue, 2006), which analyzed the genetic population structure of a red Asian Arowana population with microsatellite markers and found He was 0.51~0.95, which suggest that high level of genetic diversity
Summary
Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus), commonly known as the Dragonfish, belong to an ancient family of fishes, the Osteoglossidae, which literally means bony-tongue. Due to its popularity and great demand, Asian Arowanas have been fiercely hunted in its native habitat for profits, leading to its inclusion among species threatened with extinction of the population of these fish in the wild listed in CITES appendix I since 1980(Dawes, 1999). there has been not any systematic work or genetic assessments about Asian arowana population. Due to their exceptional variability and relative ease of scoring, microsatellites are generally considered the most powerful genetic markers. These features provide the foundation for their successful application in a wide range of fundamental and applied fields of biology and medicine, including forensics, molecular epidemiology,parasitology,population and conservation genetics, genetic mapping and genetic dissection of complex traits(Chistiakov,2006;Waldbieser,2001;Triantafyllidist,2002).In this study, the highly variable microsatellites of green Asian arowana provide a perspective on the diploid nuclear structure of golden arowana and provide reference for further genetic study of this species
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