Abstract
We propose a novel scheme to generate attosecond soft x rays in a self-seeded free-electron laser (FEL) suitable for enabling attosecond spectroscopic investigations. A time-energy chirped electron bunch with additional sinusoidal energy modulation is adopted to produce a short seed pulse through a self-seeding monochromator. This short seed pulse, together with high electron current spikes and a cascaded delay setup, enables a high-efficiency FEL with a fresh bunch scheme. Simulations show that using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) parameters, soft x-ray pulses with a FWHM of 260 attoseconds and a peak power of 0.5 TW can be obtained. This scheme also has the feature of providing a stable central wavelength determined by the self-seeding monochromator.
Highlights
Over the past few decades, investigations of ultrafast phenomena with ever shorter radiation pulses have paved the way for crucial progress in our understanding of the fundamental processes in matter
We propose a novel scheme to generate attosecond soft x rays in a self-seeded free-electron laser (FEL) suitable for enabling attosecond spectroscopic investigations
Simulations show that using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) parameters, soft x-ray pulses with a FWHM of 260 attoseconds and a peak power of 0.5 TW can be obtained
Summary
Over the past few decades, investigations of ultrafast phenomena with ever shorter radiation pulses have paved the way for crucial progress in our understanding of the fundamental processes in matter. A time-energy chirped electron bunch, which has an additional sinusoidal energy modulation, is used to generate a short seed pulse from a regular soft x-ray selfseeding configuration [41] This short seed is amplified by one of many high-current spikes that are formed after the self-seeding chicane. The short seed pulse interacting with only a single current spike is a key feature in this scheme, which enables a cascaded delay to compensate the slippage effect and allows further amplification of the seed pulse by adjacent “fresh” current spikes In this way, both higher FEL efficiency from enhanced current and superradiance with fresh bunch help achieve shorter pulses with higher power.
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