Abstract
The lack of organs for transplantation is an important problem in medicine today. The growth of organs in chimeric animals may be the solution of this. The proposed technology is the interspecific blastocyst complementation method in combination with genomic editing for obtaining “free niches” and pluripotent stem cell production methods. The CRISPR/Cas9 method allows the so-called “free niches” to be obtained for blastocyst complementation. The technologies of producing induced pluripotent stem cells give us the opportunity to obtain human donor cells capable of populating a “free niche”. Taken together, these technologies allow interspecific blastocyst complementation between humans and other animals, which makes it possible in the future to grow human organs for transplantations inside chimeric animals. However, in practice, in order to achieve successful interspecific blastocyst complementation, it is necessary to solve a number of problems: to improve methods for producing “chimeric competent” cells, to overcome specific interspecific barriers, to select compatible cell developmental stages for injection and the corresponding developmental stage of the host embryo, to prevent apoptosis of donor cells and to achieve effective proliferation of the human donor cells in the host animal. Also, it is very important to analyze the ethical aspects related to developing technologies of chimeric organisms with the participation of human cells. Today, many researchers are trying to solve these problems and also to establish new approaches in the creation of interspecific chimeric organisms in order to grow human organs for transplantation. In the present review we described the historical stages of the development of the blastocyst complementation method, examined in detail the technologies that underlie modern blastocyst complementation, and analyzed current progress that gives us the possibility to grow human organs in chimeric animals. We also considered the barriers and issues preventing the successful implementation of interspecific blastocyst complementation in practice, and discussed the further development of this method
Highlights
For citation: Babochkina T.I., Gerlinskaya L.A., Moshkin M.P
In 2017, a Nakauchi group demonstrated the successful transplantation of pancreatic tissue generated from pluri potent stem cells in Pdx1 –/– deficient rats to diabetic mice (Yamaguchi et al, 2017). These results proved the possibi lity of using tissues generated in the body of interspecies chimeric animals for organ transplantation
In 2013, chimeric mice were obtained by injecting human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs); for ethical reasons, the mouse embryos were sacrificed at an early stage of development (Gafni et al, 2013)
Summary
For citation: Babochkina T.I., Gerlinskaya L.A., Moshkin M.P. Generation of donor organs in chimeric animals via blastocyst complementation. Types of “chimera-competent” cells for injection into a blastocyst In order to obtain chimeric animals, ES cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are used.
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