Abstract
We discuss several different mechanisms of generation of isothermal (isoinflaton) density perturbations, which can be produced along with the adiabatic (inflaton) perturbations during inflation. It is shown that in many cases the magnitude of isothermal perturbations is sufficiently large for the subsequent galaxy formation. On the other hand, the spectrum of these perturbations may differ considerably from the flat (scale-free) one. It is possible to obtain perturbations with a spectrum which decreases at large (at small) wavelengths, or which has several different maxima, etc. We consider also some nonperturbative mechanisms of generating inhomogeneities during inflation, which lead to the creation of exponentially large strings, domain walls, pancakes, bubbles and other objects. Some astrophysical implications of our results are discussed.
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