Abstract
A generalized sufficient discrete–integral strength criterion is proposed for opening mode cracks in structured media. The criterion is constructed for materials of two types: an elastoplastic material with restricted deformability and an elastic ideal‐plastic material. A detailed description of the pre‐fracture zone is given. The cross‐sectional dimension of the plastic zone near the tip of the initial crack is used as the cross‐sectional dimension of the pre‐fracture zone. It is assumed that the critical opening of the initial crack depends on the deformability of plastic materials. Based on the ratio of the length of the pre‐fracture zone to the length of the initial crack, the following fracture types are distinguished: brittle, quasibrittle, quasiviscous, and viscous. For the first three types, the fracture curves are described in detail. Exact and approximate equations are proposed that relate critical parameters to the theoretical strength of a granular material, grain size, and parameters characterizing the averaging interval and the damage of the initial and deformed material.
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