Abstract
The optical memory effect is a well-known type of tilt/tilt wave correlation that is observed in coherent fields, allowing control over scattered light through thin and diffusive materials. Here we show that the optical memory effect is a special case of a more general class of combined shift/tilt correlations occurring in media of arbitrary geometry. We experimentally demonstrate the existence of these correlations, and provide an analytical framework that allows us to predict and understand this class of scattering correlations. This “generalized optical memory effect” can be utilized for maximizing the imaging field-of-view of deep tissue imaging techniques such as phase conjugation and adaptive optics.
Highlights
It is challenging to record clear images from deep within biological tissue
Before proceeding to calculate C in terms of the sample properties, we introduce the Wigner distribution function (WDF), which describes the optical field as distribution in a joint phase space of two Fourier-conjugate variables [11,12]
We examine the application of the generalized memory effect to adaptive optics (AO) systems
Summary
It is challenging to record clear images from deep within biological tissue. As an optical field passes through tissue, its spatial profile becomes randomly perturbed, resulting in a blurry image of the features that lie underneath. We reported a new type of “shift” memory effect, illustrated, that occurs primarily in anisotropically scattering media [9] This form of correlation is especially important in biomedical imaging, as it offers the ability to physically shift (as opposed to tilt) a focal spot formed deep within scattering tissue by translating an incident optical beam. In a biomedical microscope setup, the target plane is typically located inside a scattering sample, like tissue, and T is a field propagator connecting position ra to a position rb located inside the tissue At this point let us define exactly what type of correlations we are interested in. To describe the scattering of incident light over space and wave vector, we introduce the “light field transmission function,” P. These spatio-angular correlations are an intrinsic property of the scattering medium, and will be present regardless of the form of the input field
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