General toxicity study of gadobenate dimeglumine formulation (E7155) (2)--Single dose intravenous toxicity study in dogs

Abstract

Gadobenate dimeglumine formulation (E7155) was given by single intravenous injection to 4-5 month-old beagle dogs at doses of 2 or 6 mmol/kg. Treatment was followed by a 14-day observation period in order to evaluate the test article's toxicity. The male and female dogs at 6 mmol/kg vomited and showed reddened gums and ears as clinical signs. One male dog at 6 mmol/kg was euthanized approximately 23 hr after administration due to its very poor clinical condition, which included an unwillingness to move, pale gums and weak pulse. Body weight was decreased at 6 mmol/kg, and also slightly at 2 mmol/kg. Decreased food consumption was noted both at 2 and 6 mmol/kg. Hematology for the euthanized male at 6 mmol/kg showed increases in the total white blood cell count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin and red cell count and a decrease in the platelet count. Biochemistry showed a dose-related increase in alkaline phosphatase, GPT and GOT at 2 and 6 mmol/kg. Males and females at 6 mmol/kg showed increases in bilirubin, calcium and urea, and a reduction in glucose. Females at 6 mmol/kg also showed a reduction in total protein. Urinalysis showed an increase in pH at 2 mmol/kg and above. For females at 6 mmol/kg, an increase in urine volume and a decrease in specific gravity and osmolality were noted. An increase in relative liver and kidney weights was recorded for males and females dosed at 6 mmol/kg. For the euthanized male at 6 mmol/kg, postmortem examination revealed a pale liver with rounded edges and an accentuated lobular pattern, and dark material on the gastro-intestinal mucosal surface. In macroscopic pathology, the male at 6 mmol/kg revealed single liver cell necrosis, minimal early hyperplasia in small biliary ductules, inflammatory cells in the sinusoidal and portal tracts, centrilobular inflammatory cells, diffuse vacuolation of the hepatocytes and sinusoidal dilatation in the liver, and cortical tubular vacuolation in the kidneys. In the female dog treated at 6 mmol/kg, hyperplasia in the small biliary ductules, inflammatory cells in the portal tracts, diffuse vacuolation of hepatocytes and sinusoidal dilatation were seen in the liver, and increases in the severity of cortical tubular basophilia, cortical tubular dilatation and cortical tubular casts were detected in the kidney. Based on these results, the lethal dose of E7155 was set at 6 mmol/kg. It is also concluded that a dose of 2 mmol/kg was tolerated in the beagle dog after a single injection followed by a 14-day observation period.