Abstract
This work focuses on the specific analysis of the general, neurobiological and clinical profiles of human dementias, starting from classifications and definitions, and then extending the field of study to clinical and psychological symptomatologic data, to conclude with treatments and better management of these patients.
Highlights
Definitions and classifications [1] “Dementia” is a global, chronic and irreversible cognitive deterioration, even if with a correct diagnosis and targeted therapy it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease
The “cortical” are so defined because they mainly affect the structures of the cerebral cortex and are characterized by deteriorations in the cognitive, memory and language levels, have extensive cortical atrophy, early alterations of memory, loss of abstract thought, agnosia, aphasia and apraxia
The “subcorticals” are dementias that mainly affect structures that are located below the cerebral cortex and are characterized by deteriorations in the personality, emotional sphere and motor functions; they present a slowdown in motor responses, personality alterations typical of affective disorders such as apathy and depression, less memory loss and absence of disorders considered “cortical” such as agnosia, aphasia, apraxia
Summary
Definitions and classifications [1] “Dementia” is a global, chronic and irreversible cognitive deterioration, even if with a correct diagnosis and targeted therapy it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease. The “subcorticals” are dementias that mainly affect structures that are located below the cerebral cortex and are characterized by deteriorations in the personality, emotional sphere and motor functions; they present a slowdown in motor responses (called bradyphrenia), personality alterations typical of affective disorders such as apathy and depression, less memory loss and absence of disorders considered “cortical” such as agnosia, aphasia, apraxia. These categories include Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, Progressive supranuclear palsy and Vascular dementias (due to areas of cerebral necrosis caused by a deficiency in the blood circulation). When depression and dementia coexist, the treatment of depression is not able to completely regress the cognitive disorder
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