Abstract
Integrated, monolithic nonlinear cavities are of great interest in both classical and quantum optics experiments due to their high efficiency and stability. However, a general analytic theory of classical three-wave mixing in such monolithic systems, including both linear and nonlinear regions with arbitrary finesse and non-zero propagation losses, is a challenging task. Here, we derive such a model for any three-wave mixing process (second harmonic, sum frequency and difference frequency generation) under the sole assumption of low single-pass conversion efficiency. We demonstrate remarkable agreement between the presented model and the experimentally obtained highly complex second-harmonic spectrum of a titanium-indiffused lithium niobate waveguide cavity that includes both a linear and nonlinear section. We then show the effect that reversing the linear and nonlinear regions has on the output spectrum, highlighting the importance of system design. Finally, we demonstrate that the model can be extended to include the effect of phase modulation applied to the cavity.
Highlights
IntroductionIntegrated devices offer greater stability, easier interfacing to fiber networks and smaller footprint than their bulk counterparts [1]
We present the analytic theory for a general, classical three wave mixing process in a cavity with arbitrary finesse and non-zero propagation losses, encompassing second harmonic, sum frequency and difference frequency generation - second harmonic generation (SHG), sum frequency generation (SFG) and DFG respectively
Integrated devices offer greater stability, easier interfacing to fiber networks and smaller footprint than their bulk counterparts [1]. The functionality of these devices can be extended by incorporating a wide variety of linear and nonlinear components on chip [2, 3]
Summary
Integrated devices offer greater stability, easier interfacing to fiber networks and smaller footprint than their bulk counterparts [1] The functionality of these devices can be extended by incorporating a wide variety of linear (e.g. directional couplers, phase shifters) and nonlinear (e.g. second harmonic generation stages, polarisation converter) components on chip [2, 3]. We expand the model of [18] and [14] and provide a comprehensive analytical model of three wave mixing processes in nonlinear cavities under the non-pump depletion approximation This general model is valid for second harmonic generation (SHG), sum frequency generation (SFG) and difference frequency generation (DFG) processes and can be used to derive useful insights into parametric downconversion (PDC) in cavity. We derive the equation describing the spectrum of the light generated in the cavity through a chosen nonlinear process and show that our model accurately reproduces experimental measurements performed on titanium-diffused lithium niobate waveguides
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