Abstract
With the recent changes concerning pleomorphic fungi in the new International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), it is necessary to propose the acceptance or protection of sexual morph-typified or asexual morph-typified generic names that do not have priority, or to propose the rejection or suppression of competing names. In addition, sexual morph-typified generic names, where widely used, must be proposed for rejection or suppression in favour of asexual morph-typified names that have priority, or the latter must be proposed for conservation or protection. Some pragmatic criteria used for deciding the acceptance or rejection of generic names include: the number of name changes required when one generic name is used over another, the clarity of the generic concept, their relative frequencies of use in the scientific literature, and a vote of interested mycologists. Here, twelve widely used generic names in three families of Hypocreales are proposed for acceptance, either by conservation or protection, despite their lack of priority of publication, or because they are widely used asexual morph-typified names. Each pair of generic names is evaluated, with a recommendation as to the generic name to be used, and safeguarded, either through conservation or protection. Four generic names typified by a species with a sexual morph as type that are younger than competing generic names typified by a species with an asexual morph type, are proposed for use. Eight older generic names typified by species with an asexual morph as type are proposed for use over younger competing generic names typified by a species with a sexual morph as type. Within Bionectriaceae, Clonostachys is recommended over Bionectria; in Hypocreaceae, Hypomyces is recommended over Cladobotryum, Sphaerostilbella over Gliocladium, and Trichoderma over Hypocrea; and in Nectriaceae, Actinostilbe is recommended over Lanatonectria, Cylindrocladiella over Nectricladiella, Fusarium over Gibberella, Gliocephalotrichum over Leuconectria, Gliocladiopsis over Glionectria, Nalanthamala over Rubrinectria, Nectria over Tubercularia, and Neonectria over Cylindrocarpon.
Highlights
The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN) states that “...for a taxon of non-lichen-forming Ascomycota and Basidiomycota... [all names] compete for priority” regardless of their particular morph (Article 59.1, McNeill et al 2012)
Eight older generic names typified by species with an asexual morph as type are proposed for use over younger competing generic names typified by a species with a sexual morph as type
Within Bionectriaceae, Clonostachys is recommended over Bionectria; in Hypocreaceae, Hypomyces is recommended over Cladobotryum, Sphaerostilbella over Gliocladium, and Trichoderma over Hypocrea; and in Nectriaceae, Actinostilbe is recommended over Lanatonectria, Cylindrocladiella over Nectricladiella, Fusarium over Gibberella, Gliocephalotrichum over Leuconectria, Gliocladiopsis over Glionectria, Nalanthamala over Rubrinectria, Nectria over Tubercularia, and Neonectria over Cylindrocarpon
Summary
The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN) states that “...for a taxon of non-lichen-forming Ascomycota and Basidiomycota... [all names] compete for priority” regardless of their particular morph (Article 59.1, McNeill et al 2012). [all names] compete for priority” regardless of their particular morph (Article 59.1, McNeill et al 2012) This stipulates that only one scientific name be used for each species of fungi, contrary to previous editions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and its predecessors. For example Cladobotryum varium Nees 1816, the type species of the genus, is the asexual morph of Hypomyces aurantius (Pers.) Tul. Noting the critical and careful work of Gams (1971) in collecting cultures compatible with the well preserved type specimen of the type species, Acremonium alternatum Link 1809, Summerbell et al (2011) designated an epitype that places that species, and so the generic name Acremonium, in the core group of medically and phytopathologically important species This group has no well established contending names
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