Genealogical integrity: How Māori manage the paradox of environmental sustainability in business

Background: Reflexive thematic analysis is widely used in qualitative research published in Palliative Medicine, and in the broader field of health research. However, this approach is often not used well. Common problems in published reflexive thematic analysis in general include assuming thematic analysis is a singular approach, rather than a family of methods, confusing themes and topics, and treating and reporting reflexive thematic analysis as if it is atheoretical. Purpose: We reviewed 20 papers published in Palliative Medicine between 2014 and 2022 that cited Braun and Clarke, identified using the search term ‘thematic analysis’ and the default ‘relevance’ setting on the journal webpage. The aim of the review was to identify common problems and instances of good practice. Problems centred around a lack of methodological coherence, and a lack of reflexive openness, clarity and detail in reporting. We considered contributors to these common problems, including the use of reporting checklists that are not coherent with the values of reflexive thematic analysis. To support qualitative researchers in producing coherent and reflexively open reports of reflexive thematic analysis we have developed the Reflexive Thematic Analysis Reporting Guidelines (the RTARG; in Supplemental Materials) informed by this review, other reviews we have done and our values and experience as qualitative researchers. The RTARG is also intended for use by peer reviewers to encourage methodologically coherent reviewing. Key learning points: Methodological incoherence and a lack of transparency are common problems in reflexive thematic analysis research published in Palliative Medicine. Coherence can be facilitated by researchers and reviewers striving to be knowing – thoughtful, deliberative, reflexive and theoretically aware – practitioners and appraisers of reflexive thematic analysis and developing an understanding of the diversity within the thematic analysis family of methods.

A researcher must consider their research question within their world view before selecting a technique appropriate for analysing their data. This will affect their choices of methodology and methods for collecting and analysing data. Reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) has become a go-to technique for qualitative nurse researchers. However, the justifications for using it and its application in the context of a wider approach are under-discussed. To rationalise the use of RTA within a wider philosophical-methodological-methods-analysis approach and provide nurse researchers with practical guidance about how to apply it to qualitative data. This article conceptually grounds the seminal work of Braun and Clarke (2006 ) and provides a process for rigorously and systematically analysing qualitative data. Researchers undertaking qualitative research must use a rigorous philosophical-methodological-method-analysis approach. Before selecting a technique appropriate for analysing their data, they must consider their research question within their own world view. This has implications for their choice of methodology and consequently the data collection methods and analysis techniques they use. Researchers should be mindful of RTA's conceptual roots when applying it. Transparent and rigorous data analysis leads to credible findings, supports evidence-based practice and contributes to the growing body of nursing research. Within the context of the wider philosophical-methodological-methods-analysis approach, RTA produces high-quality, credible findings when applied well. for practice This article can guide nursing students and novice researchers in choosing and applying RTA to their research.

A transparent analytical process contributes to the methodological rigor of reflexive thematic analysis. To enhance such transparency in reflexive thematic analysis, novice researchers need to document and present the analytical processes of theme development. In this article, we showcase how qualitative comparative analysis can be integrated into reflexive thematic analysis as a strategy for novice researchers. We demonstrate how novice researchers can develop codes and categories, use qualitative comparative analysis to facilitate the exploration of the complex causal relationships between categories, and construct candidate themes based on these analyses. We then show how novice researchers can continue developing these themes by creating relationships between codes and categories on the basis of qualitative data and existing literature. Such integration of methods not only facilitates theme development, but also assists researchers in justifying the decisions made in a reflexive thematic analysis process. The analytical procedures presented in this article may thus help novice researchers engaged in reflexive thematic analysis to enhance the transparency of their analytical process.

Gendered ageism, the intersection of ageism and gender bias, conceptualizes how social constructions shape attitudes toward older women and restrict their access to societal resources. As oppressive gendered ageist stereotypes can affect how older women perceive their embodied selves, interventions tailored to women’s needs are essential to maintaining a positive identity. This research protocol aims to develop an arts-based intervention specifically adapted to the psychosocial needs of community-dwelling older Italian women. It centers on the embodied self-representations of older women from a life-course perspective that integrates narrative and phototherapy techniques. In the first phase of this research project, a pragmatic approach will be taken to explore professionals’ use of phototherapy techniques with aging women; the data will be analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis. Building on the findings and the literature, an intervention will then be developed for older women. In the second phase, a narrative approach will be taken to probe the embodied self-representations of older Italian women as expressed in their narratives and photographic art products; the data will be analyzed through polytextual analysis of personal narratives. In the third phase, interviews based on the arts-based approach and the Client Change Interview will be conducted with older women to examine the psychosocial contribution of the intervention and their experiences with the artistic process and products; the data will be analyzed through reflexive thematic analysis. To uphold qualitative research rigor, data triangulation, reflexive journaling, auditing, and member checking will be employed. The data collection will be conducted between 2024 and 2025. The findings of this study will shed light on the embodied self-representations of older women in Italy as they emerge in their narratives and phototherapy artworks and will provide an empirically based intervention that integrates narrative and phototherapy techniques tailored to their psychosocial needs.

Purpose This study addresses the enduring “sustainability paradox” – the tension between entrepreneurial and growth-oriented practices, and the principles of sustainable consumption. This study aims to examine how these competing initiatives can be strategically aligned. Using the bibliometric methodology, this study analyzes extant literature on sustainable consumption and sustainable entrepreneurship to uncover similarities, distinctions and future research trajectories at the areas of intersection. Design/methodology/approach Using the Scopus database, the authors extracted 603 articles for sustainable consumption and 303 for sustainable entrepreneurship, published over the period 2018 and 2023. The analysis included the most cited papers, sources of publications, bibliographic coupling and topic modeling. Findings Bibliographic coupling resulted in the discovery of seven clusters in sustainable consumption and eight in sustainable entrepreneurship, shedding light on various aspects including sustainable business models, entrepreneurial intention for sustainable entrepreneurship, motivations for sustainable entrepreneurship as well as determinants of green purchase intention, psychological impact on sustainable consumption, theoretical perspectives and sustainable consumption through sharing economy. Research limitations/implications This study concludes by outlining critical implications and proposes avenues for future research on sustainable business challenges and providing a framework depicting the pathway from sustainable entrepreneurship to sustainable consumption by bringing clarity to the fields of the study. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in the exploration of the intersection of sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainable consumption which has been discussed in isolation in the previous literature.

Globally, there is a nursing shortage which is expected to worsen in the next two decades. To increase nursing workforce numbers, retention of early-career nurses is vital. One such method stipulated to improve workforce retention is increasing thriving in the workplace. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence the thriving of early-career nurses in Aotearoa New Zealand. Guided by a qualitative descriptive design, this study used semi-structured interviews to explore factors influencing the thriving of New Zealand nurses from an urban hospital. Data analysis was completed using reflexive thematic analysis. Participants included nine early-career nurses. We identified four themes affecting thriving in the workplace: interpersonal relationships, work environment, finding positive meaning, and ongoing learning and development. Early-career nurses experience multiple factors that increase and decrease thriving. Early-career nurses commonly reported high workloads, which affected multiple dimensions of their ability to thrive in the workplace. Interpersonal relationships can increase or decrease elements of thriving at work depending on the nature of the relationship. Early-career nurses also experienced a large amount of job satisfaction from the act of caring. Roles that promoted ongoing learning similarly increased thriving. Early-career nurses play an important role in the future of the Aotearoa New Zealand health workforce. Results from this study can help inform organisations on the experience of thriving for early-career nurses in order to improve retention and wellbeing of early-career nurses. Te reo Māori translation He Aha ngā Mea Nunui ki a Koe? He tūhura kounga i ngā āhuatanga whakaawe i ngā tapuhi tau tuatahi o Aotearoa kia toiora i te wāhi mahi. Ngā Ariā Matua Tērā tētahi korenga tapuhi puta noa i te ao i ēnei rā, ā, e matapaetia ana ka hē kē atu hei ngā ngahuru tau e rua e tū mai mai. He mea taketake te whakapiki i te maha o ngā kaimahi i te ohu mahi, he mea nui te puritanga o ngā tapuhi tau tuatahi. Tētahi tikanga e pēnei ai te pupuru i te kāhui kaimahi ko te whakapiki i te noho taurikura i te wāhi mahi. I whai tēnei tirohanga kia tūhuratia ngā āhuatanga āki i te noho taurikura o ngā tapuhi tau tuatahi i Aotearoa. I aratakina tēnei tirohanga e tētahi hoahoa whakamārama kounga, ā, i whakamahia ētahi uiuinga i āta whakatāhuhutia i roto, hei tūhura i ngā āhuatanga e āki ana i te noho taurikura o ētahi tapuhi tau tuatahi tokoiwa i tētahi hōhipera tāone nui kotahi. I tātaritia ngā raraunga mā te whakamahi i te tātari tāhuhu huritao. I tautohutia e mātou e whā ngā tāhuhu ka pā ki te noho taurikura i roto i te wāhi mahi: ko ngā hononga tangata, te taiao mahi, te kite i ētahi tikanga whai hua mō te tangata, me te akoranga me te whanaketanga tonutanga. Ka hōkai ēnei tāhuhu i ngā āhuatanga mahi i tautohutia hei mea e piki ai, e heke ai rānei ngā wheako taurikura o ngā tapuhi tau tuatahi. E ai ki ngā tapuhi tau tuatahi, mā ngā hononga i te wāhi mahi ka piki, ka heke rānei ētahi āhuatanga o te noho taurikura i te wāhi mahi, kei te āhua tonu o te hononga. I kōrero rātou mō te taumaha o ngā kawenga i te mahi, i pā ki tō rātou āhei kia noho taurikura i te wāhi mahi. He nui hoki tō rātou koa, nā te mahi taurima i te tangata. Waihoki, nā ngā tūranga whakatairanga i te akoranga mutunga kore i piki ai te toiora. He tino nui te wāhi ki ngā tapuhi tau tuatahi mō ngā tau kei mua o te kāhui kaimahi hauora o Aotearoa. Mā ngā kitenga mai i tēnei rangahau ka te taea ētahi atu whakahaere te whakamōhio mō te wheako nei, o te noho taurikura o ngā tapuhi tau tuatahi, hei whakapiki i te puritanga me te toiora o ngā tapuhi tau tuatahi. Ngā kupu matua te whati o te tuarā, ngā tapuhi tau tuatahi, te harikoa mō te tūranga mahi, te noho taurikura, te rangahau kounga, nga puritanga kāhui kaimahi, te taiao mahi

Stop drinking the waipiro! A critique of the government's ‘why’ behind Te Mana o te Wai

BackgroundIndigenous communities often have poorer health outcomes and services under traditional models of care. In New Zealand, this holds true for Māori people who are tāngata whenua (the indigenous people). Several barriers exist that decrease the likelihood of indigenous communities often have poorer health outcomes and poor service fit under traditional models of care, including access issues, systemic and provider racism, and a lack of culturally safe and responsive services. Web-based interventions (WBIs) have been shown to be effective in supporting mental health and well-being and can overcome some of these barriers. Despite the large number of WBIs developed, more investigation is needed to know how well WBIs fit with an indigenous worldview and how they meet the needs of indigenous communities so that a digitally based future does not drive social and health inequities.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the goodness-of-fit of WBIs of Māori individuals, the indigenous people of Aotearoa/New Zealand.MethodsWe used interviews (n=3) and focus groups (n=5) with 30 Māori participants to explore their views about WBIs. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis by members of the research team.ResultsOverall, there was a perception that the design of WBIs did not align with the Māori worldview, which centers around people, relationships, spirituality, and holistic views of well-being. A total of 4 key themes and several subthemes emerged, indicating that WBIs were generally considered a poor fit for Māori. Specifically, the themes were as follows: (1) WBIs are disconnected from the core values of te ao Māori (the Māori worldview), (2) WBIs could be helpful in the right context, (3) there are significant barriers that may make it harder for Māori to use WBIs than other groups, and (4) ways to improve WBIs to help engagement with Māori.ConclusionsWhile WBIs are often considered a way to reduce barriers to care, they may not meet the needs of Māori when used as a stand-alone intervention. If WBIs are continued to be offered, developers and researchers need to consider how to develop WBIs that are responsive and engaging to the needs of indigenous communities rather than driving inequities. Ideally, WBIs should be developed by the people they are intended for to fit with those populations’ world views.

Reflexive thematic analysis (reflexive TA) originated within psychology and the social sciences and has become an increasingly popular qualitative analytic method across a range of disciplines. In this article, we offer a brief methodological guide for researchers hoping to use the method, suitable for beginners through to those experienced in qualitative research. Reflexive TA can be used to analyze data generated via a range of methods. Reflexive TA is highly flexible, and we outline the choices that researchers need to address when conducting their research. These choices relate to the theoretical approach (realist through to relativist/experiential to critical), their orientation to analyzing the data (inductive to deductive), and the depth in which they analyze their dataset (semantic to latent). We offer an accessible but comprehensive discussion of the six phases of reflexive thematic analysis and how best to produce a rigorous analysis. Starting with familiarization of the dataset as a foundation for analysis, data are then coded, before using these codes to generate initial themes. These early themes are then reviewed and developed, before the researcher moves to defining and naming them. The final phase of analysis is the writing up of the research, at which point final changes may still be made to the results. Written from the basis of our experience of using, teaching, and training reflexive thematic analysis within psychology and the social sciences, we see it as useful for those working across a range of disciplines.

Thematic analysis is a widely cited method for analyzing qualitative data. As a team of graduate students, we sought to explore methods of data analysis that were grounded in qualitative philosophies and aligned with our orientation as applied health researchers. We identified reflexive thematic analysis, developed by Braun and Clarke, as an interpretive method firmly situated within a qualitative paradigm that would also have broad applicability within a range of qualitative health research designs. In this approach to analysis, the subjectivity of the researcher is recognized and viewed not as problematic but instead valued as integral to the analysis process. We therefore elected to explore reflexive thematic analysis, advance and apply our analytic skills in applied qualitative health research, and provide direction and technique for researchers interested in this method of analysis. In this paper, we describe how a multidisciplinary graduate student group of applied health researchers utilized Braun and Clarke’s approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Specifically, we explore and describe our team’s process of data analysis used to analyze focus group data from a study exploring postnatal care referral behavior by traditional birth attendants in Nigeria. This paper illustrates our experience in applying the six phases of reflexive thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke: (1) familiarizing oneself with the data, (2) generating codes, (3) constructing themes, (4) reviewing potential themes, (5) defining and naming themes, and (6) producing the report. We highlight our experiences through each phase, outline strategies to support analytic quality, and share practical activities to guide the use of reflexive thematic analysis within an applied health research context and when working within research teams.

<p>This arts-informed practitioner action research project began with the question “how can an exploration of the concept of ‘safe space’ enrich my music therapy practice?” The context for this research was a residential facility for adults with disabilities, many of which had a neurological origin. I was part of this community as a music therapy student for one day per week for nine months during a year in which the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected individual and collective wellbeing. Through three cycles of action and reflection in the second half of my placement, I used a variety of approaches to understand the contestable concept of ‘safe space.’ I used my discoveries to inform my music therapy practice. Reflexive thematic analysis was used at the end of each cycle and to integrate the work as a whole. The research process provided a framework for generating rich and diverse insights about my emerging practice as a music therapist where I aim to co-create ‘space to grow’ with other participants. I questioned the language of ‘safe space’ in relation to more holistic concepts of health, safety, hauora (holistic wellbeing), āhurutanga (interpersonal warmth) and hospitality. I explored the importance of addressing the ecological and geographical aspects of ‘space’ when seeking to create optimal conditions for therapeutic growth. I discovered the value of metaphor as a therapeutic tool and as a way of describing my practice. I developed the metaphor of an ecotone, an ecological transitional zone, in relation to findings about the importance of structure, diversity, and the value of musicking together. I found that music therapy can purposefully and creatively promote social bonding even in environments experiencing substantial tension.</p>

The current study explored youth participatory action research (YPAR) as a multi-level intervention to promote young adults’ wellbeing within a virtual National Young Adult Wellbeing Network. The research questions were: 1) how did young adults conceptualize wellbeing?; 2) how did young adults describe the impact of YPAR on their wellbeing? Fifteen racially and economically diverse 18-23 year olds from three states participated. Phase one included creating art as data (research), critical reflection, and action planning in YPAR. Phase two involved a qualitative follow up to create a collective definition of wellbeing. Field notes, arti(facts), and post-interviews were coded and reflexive thematic analysis was used to answer the research questions. Young adults’ conceptualization of wellbeing centered the impact of structural forces on individual and group functioning. YPAR facilitated the young adults’ wellbeing across five domains. Combining positive psychology and community psychology in YPAR can improve individual and collective wellbeing.

Recent debates within mindfulness in education in the United Kingdom highlight tensions between instrumental and integral approaches. Large-scale evidence from the University of Oxford’s MYRIAD project has questioned the effectiveness of school-based mindfulness in preventing adolescent mental health problems, while revealing positive impacts on teachers’ wellbeing and school climate. This study adopts a phenomenological and hermeneutic framework to explore teachers’ perspectives on how mindfulness can be implemented as an integral educational practice rather than a therapeutic intervention. After initial semi-structured interviews with 15 experienced mindfulness teachers from England and Wales, four in-depth focus groups with six of these participants followed and these data were analysed through reflexive thematic analysis. The findings identify 10 guiding principles for an integral approach, emphasising cultural transformation, the cultivation of mindful attitudes, flexible and evolving curricula, and the prioritisation of adult training and leadership engagement. Participants viewed mindfulness as an educational endeavour fostering compassion, creativity, ethical awareness, and relational flourishing. The discussion situates these insights within broader critiques of neoliberal performativity in education, arguing that mindfulness should be reframed as a pathway toward collective wellbeing and flourishing rather than an individual coping mechanism. Sustainable implementation, therefore, depends on systemic commitment and the cultivation of a culture of care in school communities.

Family, Friend, and Neighbour care is one of the oldest and most widespread forms of childcare used by families, yet there is far less research on this type of childcare compared to others. This study focused on Latinx immigrant FFN providers to learn about their motivations, needs, and facilitators and barriers to accessing services. Qualitative data come from a subsample of a larger study and include 5 focus groups with 41 Latinx immigrant FFN providers; these data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis [Braun & Clarke, 2020. One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 1–25]. The themes, ‘They Need Us’; ‘We’re Not Babysitters, We’re Providers’; and ‘To Face the Job at 100%’ along with their subthemes capture Latinx immigrant FFN providers’ strong commitment and sense of duty to the families that they serve. Research and practice implications are discussed.

BackgroundAs the SARS-CoV-2 virus created a global pandemic and rapidly became an imminent threat to the health and lives of people worldwide, the need for a vaccine and its quick distribution among the population was evident. Due to the urgency, and on the back of international collaboration, vaccines were developed rapidly. However, vaccination rollouts showed different success rates in different countries and some also led to increased vaccine hesitancy.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the role of information sharing and context sensitivity in various vaccination programs throughout the initial COVID-19 vaccination rollout in different countries. Moreover, we aimed to identify factors in national vaccination programs related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, safety, and effectiveness. Toward this end, multidisciplinary and multinational opinions from members of the Navigating Knowledge Landscape (NKL) network were analyzed.MethodsFrom May to July 2021, 25 completed questionnaires from 27 NKL network members were collected. These contributors were from 17 different countries. The responses reflected the contributors’ subjective viewpoints on the status and details of the COVID-19 vaccination rollout in their countries. Contributors were asked to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (ie, SWOT) of the respective vaccination programs. The responses were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, followed by frequency analysis of identified themes according to the represented countries.ResultsThe perspectives of NKL network members showed a link between organizational elements of the vaccination rollout and the accompanying societal response, both of which were related to strengths and weaknesses of the process. External sociocultural variables, improved public communication around vaccination-related issues, ethical controversies, and the spread of disinformation were the dominant themes related to opportunities and challenges. In the SWOT 2×2 matrix, Availability and Barriers emerged as internal categories, whereas Transparent communication and promotion and Societal divide emerged as key external categories.ConclusionsInventory of themes and categories inspired by elements of the SWOT framework provides an informative multidisciplinary perspective for effective implementation of public health strategies in the battle against COVID-19 or any future pandemics of a similar nature.