Abstract
Background: Esophageal cancer is one of the most deadly malignancies worldwide and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most frequent type. Methods: We identified up-regulated genes from gene expression profiles of HKESC-4 cell line, its parental tumor tissues, non-tumoral esophageal epithelia and lymph nodes with metastatic carcinoma using Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarray. Results: Four genes [High-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), paternally expressed 10 (PEG10), SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 (SHANK2) and WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP3)] were selected for further validation with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in a panel of ESCC cell lines and clinical specimens. HMGA2 was found to be overexpressed in the panel of ESCC cell lines tested. By using immunohistochemistry, HMGA2 was found to be up-regulated in 70% of ESCC tissues (21 out of 30 cases). Conclusion: This study demonstrates successful use of gene microarray to identify and reveal HMGA2 as a novel and consistently overexpressed gene in ESCC cell lines and clinical samples. - See more at: http://www.sciencedomain.org/abstract.php?iid=177&id=12&aid=963#.UoAhmCdQga8
Highlights
Esophageal cancer ranks fifth as the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide, causing about 400,000 deaths annually [1]
Among the 34 newly identified genes, HMGA2, PEG10, SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 2 (SHANK2) and WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 3 (WISP3) were further selected for validation due to their potential involvement in tumorigenesis based on literature search
High expression of HMGA2 in N, T, LN and HKESC-4 observed in gene microarray was confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), such that the relative intensities of HMGA2 expression in N, T, LN and HKESC-4 obtained using these two methods were comparable
Summary
Esophageal cancer ranks fifth as the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide, causing about 400,000 deaths annually [1]. The incident rate is higher in Southern and Eastern Africa and Eastern Asia when compared to Western and Middle Africa and Central America [1] This cancer comprises two major types, namely esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma, the former is more common and contributes to about 90% of cases in high-risk regions [1]. Despite advances in surgical techniques combined with various treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the overall 5-year survival rate remains at 20-30% [3] To alleviate this clinical situation, the development of new treatment modalities, diagnostic technologies and preventative measures is required, which cannot be accomplished without understanding the underlying mechanisms of esophageal carcinogenesis. HMGA2 was found to be up-regulated in 70% of ESCC tissues (21 out of 30 cases).
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