Abstract
Potato microtuber productions through in vitro techniques are ideal propagules for producing high quality seed potatoes. Microtuber development is influenced by several factors, i.e., high content sucrose and cytokinins are among them. To understand a molecular mechanism of microtuberization using osmotic stress and cytokinin signaling will help us to elucidate this process. We demonstrate in this work a rapid and efficient protocol for microtuber development and gene expression analysis. Medium with high content of sucrose and gelrite supplemented with 2iP as cytokinin under darkness condition produced the higher quantity and quality of microtubers. Gene expression analysis of genes involved in the two-component signaling system (StHK1), cytokinin signaling, (StHK3, StHP4, StRR1) homeodomains (WUSCHEL, POTH1, BEL5), auxin signaling, ARF5, carbon metabolism (TPI, TIM), protein synthesis, NAC5 and a morphogenetic regulator of tuberization (POTH15) was performed by qPCR real time. Differential gene expression was observed during microtuber development. Gene regulation of two component and cytokinin signaling is taking place during this developmental process, yielding more microtubers. Further analysis of each component is required to elucidate it.
Highlights
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important crop worldwide, with an average production of 388 million tons per year of tubers [1,2]
The major signals that regulate the onset of tuber formation in potato are: CYCLING DOF FACTOR (StCDF1), StBEL5 and SELF-PRUNING6A (StSP6A) as mobile signals originating in the leaf [63,64,65]
Our results demonstrate a synergism between gelrite concentration and cytokinin signaling, in addition to other genes strongly involved in tuber formation
Summary
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth most important crop worldwide, with an average production of 388 million tons per year of tubers [1,2]. A potato tuber is a specialized stem that arises from the underground organ known as stolon [3]. Tubers are used for plant survival by vegetative propagation; they are sink organs in which surplus photosynthetic assimilates are stored [4], with starch [5,6], vitamins [7] and proteins [8,9] as the main storage components. Plant biotechnology by means of in vitro tissue culture has been applied to produce potato tubers, called microtubers [10], minitubers [11,12] and vitrotubers [13]. The technique accelerates the multiplication process, producing more seed potato faster and cheaper than other methods. Researchers estimate that growers can earn 40% more from apical cuttings than from minitubers [14]
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