Abstract
BackgroundRecent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 97 body-mass index (BMI) associated loci. We aimed to evaluate if dietary intake modifies BMI associations at these loci in the Singapore Chinese population.MethodsWe utilized GWAS information from six data subsets from two adult Chinese population (N = 7817). Seventy-eight genotyped or imputed index BMI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that passed quality control procedures were available in all datasets. Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 score and ten nutrient variables were evaluated. Linear regression analyses between z score transformed BMI (Z-BMI) and dietary factors were performed. Interaction analyses were performed by introducing the interaction term (diet x SNP) in the same regression model. Analysis was carried out in each cohort individually and subsequently meta-analyzed using the inverse-variance weighted method. Analyses were also evaluated with a weighted gene-risk score (wGRS) contructed by BMI index SNPs from recent large-scale GWAS studies.ResultsNominal associations between Z-BMI and AHEI-2010 and some dietary factors were identified (P = 0.047-0.010). The BMI wGRS was robustly associated with Z-BMI (P = 1.55 × 10− 15) but not with any dietary variables. Dietary variables did not significantly interact with the wGRS to modify BMI associations. When interaction analyses were repeated using individual SNPs, a significant association between cholesterol intake and rs4740619 (CCDC171) was identified (β = 0.077, adjPinteraction = 0.043).ConclusionsThe CCDC171 gene locus may interact with cholesterol intake to increase BMI in the Singaporean Chinese population, however most known obesity risk loci were not associated with dietary intake and did not interact with diet to modify BMI levels.
Highlights
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 97 body-mass index (BMI) associated loci
In this study, using Chinese subjects living in Singapore, we aimed to evaluate if dietary intake modifies obesity associations at index BMI loci, several of which have been very recently identified and not previously evaluated for in similar interaction analyses
Nominal associations observed between the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 score and individual dietary components with BMI levels in our study suggest that a healthier diet may reduce obesity levels
Summary
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 97 body-mass index (BMI) associated loci. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully uncovered at least 97 independent loci associated with body mass index (BMI) levels [4] and the majority of these loci are known to be transferrable to the Asian populations [4, 5]. Studies have further suggested that dietary intake may interact at some of these loci to modify BMI levels [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. In this study, using Chinese subjects living in Singapore, we aimed to evaluate if dietary intake modifies obesity associations at index BMI loci, several of which have been very recently identified and not previously evaluated for in similar interaction analyses
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