Gender-Sensitive Self-Oriented Face-Saving Strategies in Chinese Celebrity Interviews: A Case Study of Yang Lan One-on-One Show

This study was discussed about the reasons of politeness and impoliteness strategies used by lecturer and students in English education classroom interaction based on Brown & Levinson and Culpeper theory. This article was aimed to found the reasons why lecturer and students used politeness and impoliteness strategies in classroom interaction. This article used two theories in doing the analysis namely Brown & Levinson theory for the reason of using politeness strategies and Culpeper theory for the reason of using impoliteness strategies. This article applied descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research were the lecturer and students™ utterances in English education classroom interaction which taken from audio transcript and the result of interview the lecturer and representative of students. The results have revealed that there are five reasons why the lecturer used politeness strategies, namely speaker wants the hearer interpret what she means; to give the hearer chance to be perceived as caring person; to increase familiarity and friendship;to respect the hearer and to make the hearer understand directly, one reason why the students used politeness strategies namely to satisfy the hearer™s negative face and one reason why the students used impoliteness strategies namely to express negative feelings.

The purpose of this study was to analyze politeness and impoliteness strategies in the movie Joker (2019) directed by Todd Phillips. This research used a descriptive qualitative method, with the Joker movie as the object and an observation checklist adapted from Brown and Levinson (1987) and Culpeper (2011) as the instrument. The researcher also identified moral values based on Driyarkara (2006) in Sukmono (2013). The results showed four politeness strategies: Bald on Record (20), Off Record (20), Positive Politeness (20), and Negative Politeness (23), with Negative Politeness being dominant. Five impoliteness strategies were found: Bald on Record Impoliteness (18), Positive Impoliteness (6), Negative Impoliteness (6), Sarcasm/Mock Politeness (9), and Withhold Politeness (2), with Bald on Record Impoliteness being dominant. The movie also delivered moral values related to empathy, kindness, fairness, acceptance, and social responsibility, as reflected in Arthur’s experiences and society’s treatment of him. These values illustrated how human behavior, both good and bad, affects individuals and society. In conclusion, Joker teaches that empathy, respect, justice, and responsibility are essential for personal and social well-being.

This research aims to discover the differences between Deddy Corbuzier's politeness strategies towards male and female guests in Close The Door Podcast. Qualitative method is used for this research. The data were gathered from two videos of Close The Door Podcast featuring two guests from roughly the same background but different genders. Politeness theory proposed by Brown and Levinson were used to analyze the data. The results shows that that Deddy Corbuzier used all four types of politeness strategies towards both male and female guests. The findings also discovered Corbuzier used more negative politeness towards female guest than the male guest, while he used other types of politeness strategies, especially positive politeness, more towards the male guest. Additionally, there are several strategies Corbuzier exclusively used towards the female guest, and vice-versa. As such, it can be concluded that in communication, Corbuzier uses different politeness strategies when addressing male and female hearer.

Virtual interactions are often an extension of face-facing encounters, solidifying in digital spaces as the discursive discourse of racism and sexism practices. Starting from the studies of Sociology, Pragmatics and Interactional Sociolinguistics, our goal is to understand, from Fanon (2008), Van Dijk (2017) Brown and Levinson (1987) and Culpeper (1996; 2011), as the prejudice of materializing in (im) language policy through Facebook posts. We conducted a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive survey whereby we selected a post in a Facebook group about a possible case of harassment between a foreign student and a brazilian student. For this, it selects and analyzes as the most relevant answers, according to the criteria of the social network itself. The results demonstrated how politeness strategies were used both to create a positive image of the potential offender and to solicit support from group members in relation to him; In addition, there is condensation between politeness and impoliteness strategies when the effect was to attack one of the group members, the victim or the supposed aggressor himself. Our investigation shows the historical, ideological, social and contextual foundations for the event, as well as an analysis of the politeness and impoliteness strategies applied by the group participants. Conclude that the statements seek alternate between politeness and linguistic impoliteness for the production of biased messages.

Politeness and impoliteness strategies create a vital social practice in our daily and professional interactions. Being once an issue in the code of conduct protocols, (im)politeness nowadays marks an interdisciplinary scientific field. Regarding this importance, this study explored the politeness and impoliteness strategies used in changing direct speech to indirect speech among male and female Persian speakers. Eighty Iranian Persian speakers (36 males and 44 females) were given a discourse completion task. Brown and Levinson’s taxonomy of politeness strategies and Culpeper’s impoliteness taxonomy were used to analyze the sample. The findings revealed that the propositional content of a direct speech was maintained in the indirect speech in Persian with different attitudinal manners. The results also demonstrated a significant difference between the male and female participants in terms of impoliteness indirect strategies; however, there was no significant difference between them on the output strategies. Additionally, the results revealed that the most frequent politeness strategies used by Persian speakers included positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, and bold on-record, respectively. The implications of the current research may lead to a deeper and greater understanding of the role of politeness strategies applied in language learning and teaching in EFL contexts.

Traditional constructions of gender eventually generate in many cases, a system of stereotyped behaviors. This work aims to investigate how the blog post “What women need to know about relationships” uses (im) politeness strategies to build the image of women. This research was conducted in two stages: a) In the first phase, we considered the correlating modes of manifestation of power proposed by Thompson (2000), politeness strategies postulated by Brown and Levinson (1987) and the studies of (im)politeness of Bousfield (2008); b) after that, we identified the (im)politeness strategies in the comments to the post, which were analyzed according to the contextual and ideological elements suggested by Thompson, 2000. The results have shown that the author of those publications and the audience use off-record politeness strategies and positive/ negative impoliteness strategies to express different forms of power, these include dissimulation, fragmentation and unification. Based on this model, we conclude that the image of women is trivialized by a sexist discourse, which infiltrate politeness strategies.

This objective of this research is to identify and describe and explain the kinds of impoliteness strategies used in Dr. Phil talk show. The data used is the utterances of Philip Calvin McGraw in Dr. Phil talk show. then, the data is collected and identified will be analyzed using the theory of (Culpeper, 1996). The research method used is the descriptive qualitative research method. The techniques of collecting the data in this research will be conducted as the following. The researcher watched Dr. Phil talk show, the researcher takes note of the utterances that contain impoliteness strategies in Dr. Phil talk show, the researcher checked the accuracy of the script with the spoken utterances in Dr. Phil talk show, the researcher then accumulates all the data that contain impoliteness strategies that will be analyzed. The researcher will analyze the data based on the theory explored. The researcher will classify the data into five kinds of impoliteness strategies as proposed by (Culpeper, 1996). The researcher will identify the type of impoliteness strategy in each data and the response to the impoliteness strategy used. There were 9 utterances used as the data and the types of impoliteness strategies used was the positive politeness strategy and sarcasm or mock politeness strategy.

This research aims to analyze the politeness and impoliteness strategies in The Sleeping Beauty Movie. This research used qualitative method by selecting and collecting data in the Sleeping Beauty movie. After selecting and collecting the data, the researchers identify and analyze word by word conversation among characters and used the concept of Brown and Levinson, Geoffrey Leech, and Bousfield and Locher related to pragmatics study. The result shows that there are 19 examples of politeness strategies, politeness maxims and impoliteness strategies. They are 4 examples of politeness strategies, 8 examples of politeness maxims, 7 examples of impoliteness strategies. The researchers concludes that the positive and impoliteness strategies in the Sleeping Beauty Movie is dominated by positive impoliteness and approbation maxim.Keywords: Impoliteness, Politeness, Pragmatics, Sleeping Beauty Movie, Strategies

Navigating the practice of thinking and writing in two separate languages is a reality in South African Higher Education. This reality manifests when isiZulu first language (L1) university students studying through a medium of English (L2) write business correspondence tasks in English, the dominant language in the business world. These tasks necessitate good business writing skills, including the use of speech acts and politeness strategies. However, currently, business communication disregards the diversity of cross-cultural communication. Research indicates that second language students think in their L1 when engaged in L2 writing. This paper interrogates the students’ use of negative politeness strategies in English request business letters and explores how African politeness strategies need not be regarded as negative transfer in intercultural business communication. Through random sampling, we quantitatively analysed English business letters written by first-year tertiary isiZulu L1/English L2 students (n=40). The findings reveal the use of negative politeness and impoliteness strategies in the request letters. This paper argues that the transference of politeness strategies from isiZulu to English need not be categorised as negative pragmatic transfer. However, their recognition promotes the decolonization of corporate communication in the South African context and embraces cultural and linguistic diversity in professional English interactions.

This study aims to investigate Shakespeares The Merchant of Venice in light of the application of Leechs politeness maxims. The study uses a qualitative method in analyzing the utterances of the major characters in the play; Shylock, Antonio and Bassanio, since most of the events within the play focus on their demands, personalities and behaviors. The purpose of this study is to reveal the degree of politeness reflected in the characters speeches. 17 extracts from Act 1 scene 3 (a street in Venice) and 6 extracts from Act 4 scene 1 (the court scene) are explored due to their importance in the plot development. In light of the analysis, some of the factors are highlighted according to their significant role in determining the use of politeness or impoliteness strategies. These factors are power, psychological aspects, personal values, irony principle, social status and religion. The study also examines the way in which the six maxims are employed in the extracts. To conclude, politeness strategies can be used to reveal much about peoples identities, values and psychology.

Politeness is necessary for the way people socialize. However, some people choose to communicate impolitely despite knowing that it’s inappropriate. This study aims to find out how people use impoliteness strategies in communication, and identify the impoliteness strategies used in the Vice-Presidential United States of Amerika candidates debate between Mike Pence and Sen. Kamala Harris on October 8th, 2020, while also figuring out the purpose of using these strategies in the debate. For this reason, to identify the use of impoliteness strategies, the researcher used Jonathan Culpeper's (2005) theory of impoliteness strategies and a qualitative approach to analyze the data. The data was taken from a YouTube video entitled “Full Debate: Vice President Mike Pence and Sen. Kamala Harris | WSJ” posted by the Wall Street Journal on October 8, 2020. The results of this study revealed that four out of five impolite strategies were used, with negative impoliteness as the most commonly used strategy. The other four strategies are bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, and sarcasm and mock politeness. Meanwhile, withholding politeness was never used in the debate.

The “impoliteness strategy”, a kind of parallel to the “politeness strategy”, has dominated research for decades and is still current. However, the notion of a “strategy” is poorly understood and rarely defined. This chapter begins by critically examining this notion, as it is used in linguistics. It argues that in politeness studies it has been overly focused on the idea of a rational linguistic means of achieving certain ends or goals. That a strategy might also involve the coordination of communication through routine and shared linguistic means that are recognised within particular communities seems to have been largely overlooked. The next part of this chapter outlines Culpeper’s (1996) taxonomy of impoliteness strategies, and follows with a critical review. It notes that most problems and controversies lie at the more abstract level of the “superstrategy”. Two particularly controversial areas are discussed. One is the relationship between directness and impoliteness strategies, and especially whether there is some correlation with the degree of offence caused. The other is the relationship between impoliteness strategies and context. The final part of the chapter outlines a more recent bottom-up framework of impoliteness strategies or triggers, and one that, echoing Terkourafi’s (e.g., 2001) work on politeness, places impoliteness conventionalized for particular contexts of use at the centre.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the impolite strategies in children’s fiction taught at private schools in Sialkot. In this regard, by using purposive sampling; three readers: ‘The Secret Garden’, ‘Swiss Family Robinson’ and ‘Robinson Crusoe’ were selected for analysis. Data was analyzed qualitatively through the Culpeper (1996) model of impoliteness in this study. The findings reveal that the most common impoliteness strategy used in these fictions were impoliteness super strategies. Impoliteness super strategies were positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, bald on record and bald off record strategy. These impolite strategies create a bad impact on children’s mental health and influence children’s behavior and social interactions negatively. In the light of findings, the researchers recommended that politeness strategies should be used in children’s fiction to promote positive social behaviors in children’s. This will help children to develop better communication skills.

Impoliteness has recently been of interest to scholars as a linguistic study in the field of pragmatics. It has emerged as the opposite orientation to politeness strategy, theory and studies. This paper explores how the impoliteness strategies mapped out by Jonathan Culpeper (1996) are employed in dramatic texts. It examines Culpeper’s impoliteness strategies designed to investigate face in the dramatic text. This paper tests the strategies through Neil Simon’s Biloxi Blues (1985). This dramatic comedy is used for three reasons: (1) as a drama, it is a mirror of life and real-life speech events; (2) impoliteness strategies provide a resource to analyse impolite interactions between the characters in dialogic discourse; (3) dramatic texts provide a rich context to interpret and analyse verbal and non-verbal impoliteness strategies. Impoliteness strategies can cause disharmony and conflict between characters in a dramatic text. The interactions exchanged by the characters in Biloxi Blues are analysed according to Culpeper’s five impoliteness strategies: bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm or mock politeness, and withhold politeness. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method to determine how face-threatening acts are incorporated into the play in line with Culpeper’s impoliteness strategies propounded in his article entitled Towards an Anatomy of Impoliteness (1996). The paper also examines how the characters react to face-threatening acts. In the twelve selected dramatic extracts, seventeen cases of positive impoliteness, ten cases of bald on record impoliteness, eight cases of sarcasm or mock politeness, and four cases of negative impoliteness have been observed. Moreover, it has also been observed that the characters use taboo words and abusive and strong language. The bald on record impolite acts are aggravated mainly by abuses, sexual insults and name-calling strategies. Racial slurs have also been identified as a part of positive impoliteness.

This paper aims to describe kinds of politeness strategies and features of the politeness in Javanese cultural context where Javanese people incur activities in the procurement of Javanese traditonal entertainments. The study used qualitative approach assigning 20 research subjects and analyzed 42 corpuses as the cources of data. Data of this study were divided into politeness techniques, politeness strategies, and impoliteness strategies. Results show that of five politeness strategies, one does not appear in the negotiation that is using affective tag to show a certain concern. Four techniques that appear are: to speak indirectly, to lie politely, to use euphimism, and to use modal tags to show uncertainty. Four politeness strategies, including bald on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off-record politeness all exist as the medium of interactions. Finally, impoliteness strategies exist in the form of bald on-record impoliteness, negative impoliteness, positive impoliteness, and enternaining impoliteness. In context of Javanese culture, this study shows its novelty that Javanese culture has its own universal cultural values in politeness.