Gender, Intersections, Crime and Justice

K. Karos is a postdoctoral researcher supported by the Research Foundation, Flanders, Belgium (grant 1244820N). F. P. Kapos is a PhD candidate who is supported by the Patrick-Beresford Fellowship in Social Epidemiology and the P.E.O. International Peace Scholarship. H. Devan is a Postdoctoral Fellow supported by the Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research (CHARR) Postdoctoral Fellowship at the School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, New Zealand. This review was an initiative of the Social Aspects in Pain Special Interest Group (SocSIG) of the International Association of Pain (IASP).

Background An account of how one Art Therapy training course links information about inequalities with the theory of intersectionality. In trying to understand intersectionality, the course community questions how clients and therapists respond to and experience health inequalities and discrimination. For both, there may be the pain of being ‘othered’ and the effects of unconscious privilege. Nevertheless, there are examples to be celebrated of how some people manage to use their identity in moving forward. Context Bizarrely, how identities link to socio-political conditions is not readily acknowledged within therapy professions. The focus of therapy has tended to stay on the inner world. Also, since the end of the second world war, there has been a gradual decoupling of political approaches concerned with social justice and the redistribution of resources and political approaches concerned with identity recognition. Approaches When health inequalities and identity issues became sharply visible during the Covid 19 pandemic, the profession responded with adaptations to its educational and therapeutic work. It is possible to see how clients, students, art therapists and colleagues adapt, consult and collaborate. The paper provides descriptions of students' adapted and collaborative practice. Outcomes, conclusions and implications for research The use of culture, art and identity-aware supervision in art therapy are ways of developing our understanding of health inequalities and intersecting identities. The research implications for Art Therapy are that generic knowledge of research about discrimination and glaring health inequalities is a valuable foundation for research in our discipline. Plain-language summary This paper discusses how one Art Therapy training course links information about health and social inequalities with ideas about intersecting identities. The course community explores and questions how clients and therapists experience health inequalities and discrimination. There are discussions about the pain of feeling unwanted and the response of people who are not conscious of their inherited privileges simply because they are born into specific societal structures. Whilst recognising that feelings about identity may be painful and a source of shame, the course also considers how it is that some people manage to acknowledge and use self-reflection about their less privileged identities in moving forward. It is strange how the effects of social and health inequalities are rarely acknowledged within psychological disciplines, including art therapy. That seems to be because the focus of therapy has tended to stay on the inner world. Also, since the end of the second world war, there has been a gradual shift in political approaches concerned with social justice and the redistribution of resources and political approaches concerned with identity recognition. When existing health inequalities and identity issues became sharply visible during the Covid 19 pandemic (the Health Foundation, 2020) the profession responded with adaptations that took its educational and therapeutic work online. There is hope because it is increasingly possible to see how clients, students, art therapists and colleagues consult one another and collaborate over adaptations in therapeutic approaches. The paper provides descriptions of some adapted student practices from placements. The use of culture and art, together with supervision in art therapy, are ways of developing our understanding of health inequalities and our intersecting identities. Nevertheless, the pace of social and cultural change can be slow, sometimes moving forward and sometimes backwards. The research implications for the Arts Therapies are that broad knowledge of research about discrimination and glaring health inequalities is valuable in the push for change. Also, research from other disciplines is often the foundation on which the research contribution of the Arts Therapies in this area and others can be built.

Intersectionality on the Horizon: Exploring Autism in Adulthood from a Unique Vantage Point.

In 2001, the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) adopted 10 discrete standards of culturally competent practice which undergird our commitment to diversity and social justice. The concept of intersectionality is newly emerging in social work, though, causing us to reflect on our current conceptualizations of cultural competence. According to this construct, in order to understand one aspect of the self, such as race, we have to understand how gender, ethnicity, sexuality, social class, and other markers influence one another. The authors present the concepts of cultural competence, social identity, and intersectionality in order to deepen our anti-oppression, social justice approach.

Introduction to the Special Issue on Class Dynamics from Socialism to Post-Socialism

This research aims to track the record of the “Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)” since its entry into force in 1981, to review its texts and the cases brought to it, to know how it considered and dealt with intersectional discrimination against women. This paper evaluates if CEDAW has succeeded or failed to protect women from ‘intersectionality’. However, this discrimination describes compound discrimination against women based on sex, gender, identity, religion, belief, race, ethnicity, color, culture, socioeconomic status, age, class, and/ or origin... etc. The importance of this research is since despite a lot of cases of compound discrimination practiced against women around the world, the text of the Convention has not changed, and its committee, which is composed of experts in this field, did not adopt any ideas about the nature of discrimination. To determine the role of intersectionality, the research first focused on the theory of intersectionality in terms of concept and practice. Secondly, it showed how it affects women’s lives with examples from India, Brazil, Canada, Hungary, and others. Finally, it traced the concept of intersectionality, and how the Convention or its committee dealt with it through its general recommendations. The research found that CEDAW has overlooked the concept of intersectionality in its texts, while its committee addressed it in one of its recommendations in 2010 – noting that such recommendations are limited in scope and efficacy – which adversely impacted women’s rights globally. Therefore, the research recommends that the concept of intersectionality should be fully integrated into the text of the Convention, which will be reflected on the state parties by taking special measures that concretely give advantage to women who have been subjected to a history of discrimination.

ABSTRACTAimTo offer a practical proposal regarding the implications of integrating intersectional theory into nursing practice, drawing from the experiences and narratives of nurses across diverse professional contexts.DesignQualitative Grounded theory, following the constructivist approach offered by Kathy Charmaz.MethodsData collection was conducted between 2022 and 2023 with nursing professionals from Catalonia, Spain. Following Charmaz's approach, thematic analysis was performed after theoretical sampling was saturated through 17 in‐depth interviews and 2 focus groups.ResultsA total of 26 individuals participated in the study. The analysis identified five dimensions related to considerations for incorporating intersectionality into nursing practice. These dimensions are presented as a conceptual framework, organised from elements most closely related to reflexivity and professional positionality, to those more distally connected to a critique of the structural system within which nursing activities are situated.ConclusionAlthough the findings reveal widespread agreement regarding the necessity of adopting a new perspective that challenges the dominance of biomedical knowledge and facilitates alternative approaches to the social and health complexities in our environments, there exists divergence in the methods for achieving this paradigm shift. Intersectional theory provides a theoretical framework conducive to this reassessment.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe findings outlined in this study hold significant implications for both professional practice and the structuring of nursing education at the university level. Concerning professional practice, we advocate for a theoretical framework that offers lucidity and precision regarding the strategies and skill sets necessary for the integration of an intersectional perspective into nursing practice. This framework may prove beneficial not only to individual practitioners but also to managerial entities seeking to reshape institutional care paradigms. In terms of nursing education, this research provides a foundation for a critical revaluation of curricular structures and their practical execution.Impact (Addressing)What problem did the study address?Since health and illness are influenced by social and cultural factors, nursing theories are evolving to address social determinants of health. Strategies are needed to integrate intersectional theory into nursing practice and education.What were the main findings?Findings underscore the importance of aligning nursing values with principles of equality, respect, and social justice to address social health inequalities effectively.Where and on whom will the research have an impact?This study provides insights into the ambivalence surrounding the incorporation of intersectional theory in nursing practice, shedding light on its perceived value and feasibility among practitioners.A practical framework is developed which emphasises the significance of understanding power dynamics in healthcare settings and their implications for perpetuating or challenging social inequalities in health.Reporting MethodThe manuscript is based on the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.

A relevant, spirited, and crucial critical criminology sees power, inequality, and oppression as fundamental elements of social structure, culture, and interaction. Stratification systems based on class, race, ethnicity, gender, age, geography, anthropocentrism, and sexual identities and orientations are obvious realms of critical criminological analysis, but so are inquiries into the crimes of powerful state and corporate organizations along with the material and ideological forces impacting the development and exercise of criminal justice, law, and social control. To these concerns we can add the importance of praxis to critical criminology, whether in the form of street protest, counter-hegemonic pedagogy, social media claims-making activities, or collaborating with non-academics in various social spaces toward social justice. A prophetic, healthy, and visionary critical criminology also takes interdisciplinary and international research and theory seriously—after all, much of the history of traditional criminological research and theory in criminology is simplistic, jingoistic, fails to see crime as mostly epiphenomenal, is riddled with bias and stereotypes, remains silent on major forms of oppression, and is out of touch with many of the realities of street and home-life as they relate to crime, harm, justice, and victimization. My belief is that critical criminology has generally moved the larger field of criminology into far more interesting, exciting, and productive paths and away from the tired and staid theories and research findings that explain next to nothing about crime and deviance. That mainstream, ‘‘professional’’ criminology, like many of its academic brothers and sisters, has become a legitimized reification of its subject matter has never been lost on critical criminologists. The authors of the articles in this special issue are excellent examples scholars who have rejected the banality of traditional criminological concerns and forged new intellectual ground in the field: Dragan Milovanovic along with just a handful of others such as Bruce Arrigo have brought the ultra-critical perspective of postmodernism to criminology; Meda Chesney-Lind along with Merry Morash and Claire Renzetti are among the first scholars to bring feminism to life and enduring relevance in critical criminology; Hal Pepinksy and Richard Quinney brought a totally different vision

The current care crisis and the increasing outsourcing of care work in the context of neoliberal reorganisation are major issues currently being addressed within feminist science. On the basis of these gendered characteristics of the new global division of labour, this theoretical article aims to bring two heavily discussed approaches in this field together: intersectional theory and the Foucauldian concept of governmentality. The article suggests that there are three different theoretical or methodological ways that these complex approaches might be combined. Discussing the mutual benefit, it then goes on to deal critically with the concept of intersectionality as a current dominant and widespread feminist theory, which tries to capture social complexity.

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In 1983 the New York artist Barbara Kruger released a photomontage showing the face of a female model, resting on a grassy background, with her eyes closed and covered by two leaves. Kruger completed the piece by adding the statement, “We won’t play nature to your culture.” In many ways, this image marked a turning point in America’s popular and intellectual response to the issue of the environment. Twenty-one years earlier, in 1962, Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring had launched a new era in the environmentalist movement, prompting many Americans to begin associating their own physical health with that of the environment. But whereas the publication of Silent Spring and the establishment of Earth Day in 1970 contributed to a far-reaching shift in the ways both scholars and laypersons thought about the practical implications of humanity’s physical engagement with nature, Kruger’s statement represented yet another approach to considering this relationship.

Criminological Research for Beginners is a comprehensive and engaging guide to research methods in Criminology. Written specifically for undergraduate students and novice researchers, this book has been designed as a practical guide to planning, conducting, and reporting research in the subject. By first inviting readers to consider the importance of criminological research, the book places related methodology firmly in the context of students’ broader study of Criminology, before moving on to provide a detailed guide to the practical processes of research. It is common for Criminology undergraduates to feel intimidated at the prospect of conducting their own research, and these students typically struggle to see the relevance of research methods to their own studies. This book speaks directly to the needs of such students, and includes contemporary examples and case studies that bring a topic that is often thought of as dry to life, providing a thorough and accessible practical guide that students can return to at each stage of their research, all the way through to their dissertation. This book covers: an examination of the theoretical, political, and ethical debates in criminological research; a complete guide to planning criminological research, assisting student researchers in identifying their research questions, choosing their research methods, and critiquing the available literature; guidance on the practicalities and processes of collecting data, a discussion of the process of analysing data and writing up research, Including an extensive glossary and an integrated companion website with extra examples, exercises, and videos to further develop students’ understanding, this book is essential reading for any undergraduate on a Criminological Research Methods course, or for anyone in need of practical guidance on any or every of the various stages involved in conducting thorough and effective criminological research.

Nowadays everywhere we talk about justice and social equality and this fact imposes on us first of all to have clear ideas about security, welfare, politics, differences, multiculturalism, knowledge and virtues of anyone. Social justice is one of the most important factors that legitimize social, economic and political orders. It is very important to prove the link between social justice and human dignity, which is expressed entirely under the concept of social equality. However, the issue of social justice is closely linked to the phenomenon of inequality created by unequal distributions of various resources between individuals and between different social groups. The use of term “social justice” dates back to the mid-nineteenth century, which coincides with the intensification of the processes of industrialization and democratization. Social equality is a contemporary legal-political key concept and express values, ideas, normative principles, objectives and criteria of justice. The major issue about social equality is that it is greatly proclaimed and expressed in constitutional cards, but on the other hand it actualizes with difficulties in everyday life. For this reason, many questions arise, such as: what does usually express the term equality; do the natural diversities between people constitute restrictions, or are resources in the interest of community; how social diversity should be managed to protect the dignity of every human being? Justice must coincide with the legality, or as argued by many with the equality. Social justice is the basis of social equality. Consequently, there can be no social equality if there is no preliminary social justice. Social justice influences social equality between the sexes, between different ethnic groups, between different age groups, between individuals with different cultural backgrounds, etc. Equality can be of various types: economic, political (horizontal and vertical), formal or substantive, options, etc. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p1275

Little Women tells the story of three poor sisters who are involved in a case related to the richest family in South Korea. This article aims to reveal the social class stereotypes contained in the little women series, the factors that influence social class inequality, and also the solutions to these problems. The subjects studied were the three main siblings in the series, namely Oh In Joo, Oh In Kyung, and Oh in Hye. The research method is descriptive qualitative using Hofstede's cultural theory analysis. The analysis is carried out through five dimensions of culture according to Hofstede, namely Power Distance Index, Uncertainly Avoidance Index, Individualism VS Collectivism, Masculinity VS Feminity, and Long-term Orientation VS Short-term Orientation implied in the scenes and dialogues of the Little Women series. The results of the study found 5 social controls from differences in social status, social class stereotypes, and cross-cultural communication. The first is the discriminatory treatment and educational background of the rich and the poor. Then, the power of the upper/higher social class controls everything. The third is the difference between rich and poor families. Fourth, social inequality between the rich and the poor. Finally, the culture of Korean people who want to look luxurious and classy. Overall, it can be seen how the areas of life of the lower social class are under the control or power of the high social class.

Solidarity is a concept increasingly employed in bioethics whose application merits further clarity and explanation. Given how vital cooperation and community-level care are to mitigating communicable disease transmission, we use lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic to reveal how solidarity is a useful descriptive and analytical tool for public health scholars, practitioners, and policymakers. Drawing upon an influential framework of solidarity that highlights how solidarity arises from the ground up, we reveal how structural forces can impact the cultivation of solidarity from the top down, particularly through ensuring robust access to important social determinants of health. Public health institutions can support solidarity movements among individuals and communities by adopting a lens of social justice when considering public health priorities and, in turn, promote health equity.