Abstract
BackgroundTo explore the gender differences in the relationship between dietary energy and macronutrients intake and body weight outcomes in Chinese adults.MethodsData from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS, 2015) for10,898 participants aged 18–64 years. Three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls was used to assess the dietary intake. Quantile regression models for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were performed separately for each sex.ResultsAdult males showed greater absolute intakes of energy and macronutrients as compared to females as per the body weight outcomes. A 10% increase in BMI resulted in an additional intake of 0.002–0.004 kcal/d of dietary energy, 0.032–0.057 g/d of fats, 0.039–0.084 g/d of proteins, and 0.018–0.028 g/d of carbohydrates across all quantiles in males (p < 0.05). A 10% increase in WC lead to an additional intake of 0.004–0.008 kcal/d of dietary energy, 0.051–0.052 g/d of carbohydrates across the entire quantile in males (p < 0.05), and an increased intake of 0.060–0.150 kcal/d of fat in females (p < 0.05).ConclusionsDietary fat intake could be the risk factor of abdominal obesity in women. The importance of gender-specific evidence should be considered before promoting macronutrient allocation for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Highlights
Imbalanced dietary energy and macronutrient intake is associated with weight gain and increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases that kills approximately 3 million people worldwide each year [1, 2]
Using updated data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS, 2015), the current study aimed to provide a detailed description of the sex-related distribution of dietary energy and macronutrient intake, and further investigate the possible relationship between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with energy and the percentage of energy intake from macronutrients among Chinese adults
Our study reported that rural adult with high Physical activity (PA) consumed more dietary energy, possibly due to higher energy expenditure from outdoor activities and agricultural work [28]
Summary
Imbalanced dietary energy and macronutrient intake is associated with weight gain and increased risk of chronic non-communicable diseases that kills approximately 3 million people worldwide each year [1, 2]. According to the Chinese Residents Nutrition and Chronic Disease Status Report, the obesity rates of Chinese adults aged 18 and above increased from 4.8% in 2002 to 11.9% in 2015 [3]. Several preliminary studies suggested that the macronutrient composition in the diet plays an important contributory role in obesity [5, 6]. The role of individual macronutrients in the development of obesity remains. To explore the gender differences in the relationship between dietary energy and macronutrients intake and body weight outcomes in Chinese adults
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