Abstract
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Filial piety is a fundamental virtue that defines children’s care-giving obligation to older parents in Chinese families. This study aims to evaluate whether gender difference exists in the expectation and receipt of filial piety among U.S Chinese older adults. <strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from the PINE study, a population-based study of U.S. Chinese older adults aged 60 and above in the greater Chicago area. Guided by a community-based participatory research approach, a total of 3,159 Chinese older adults aged 60 and above were surveyed. Filial piety was examined in six domains, including care, respect, greeting, happiness, obedience, and financial support.<strong> </strong>Socio-demographic correlates with expectations and receipt of filial piety were examined. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted.<strong> Results: </strong>Female older adults were 1.02 points higher than male older adults in their perceived receipt of filial piety (PE=1.02, p&lt;0.001) adjusted for the socio-demographics. Older women received more respect (p&lt;0.001), greetings (p&lt;0.001), happiness (p&lt;0.01), and obedience (p&lt;0.05). Women with an older age (r = 0.06, p&lt;0.05) and a lower educational level (r = -0.11, p&lt;0.01) received more filial piety while similar trends were not discovered among men. Being married was correlated with a higher level of filial piety receipt among men (r = 0.07. p&lt;0.05) while the correlation was not significant among women.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides insights to understand how the gender of the older parents influences their expectation and receipt of filial piety. Our findings have important implications to guide elder care practices with cultural and gender sensitivity.</p>
Highlights
Filial piety (孝 xiào) has important implications for parent-child relationships and family care-giving practices in Chinese families (Zhan & Montgomery, 2003)
This study aims to evaluate whether gender difference exists in the expectation and receipt of filial piety among U.S Chinese older adults
Considering the above-mentioned cultural norms and the changes of social policy over years in China, we postulate there is a gender difference in the expectation and receipt of filial piety among the Chinese older adults in the U.S In order to test our hypotheses, this study aims to 1) identify the endorsement and levels of the expectation and receipt of filial piety by gender; 2) identify the correlations between the expectation and receipt of filial piety, socio-demographics, and self reported health measures among female and male cohorts; and 3) conduct regression analyses to detect gender difference in filial piety controlling for socio-demographics in a community-dwelling Chinese aging population in U.S
Summary
Filial piety (孝 xiào) has important implications for parent-child relationships and family care-giving practices in Chinese families (Zhan & Montgomery, 2003). The gender of older parents and adult children may influence the belief and practices of filial piety in Chinese cultural context. Men are culturally identified as the authority figures in the family and expected to be role models and mentors for their children (Short et al, 2001) Due to those gender-based stereotypes, it is very likely that Chinese female and male parents interact with their children differently, and young children are raised to recognize that they obtained different forms of support from their mothers and fathers. Filial piety is a fundamental virtue that defines children’s care-giving obligation to older parents in Chinese families. This study aims to evaluate whether gender difference exists in the expectation and receipt of filial piety among U.S Chinese older adults. Being married was correlated with a higher level of filial piety receipt among
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