Gender and the Far-Right

Determinants of electoral participation of women in addis ababa, Ethiopia

ABSTRACTOver recent years, the German extreme right has undergone significant changes, including the appropriation of symbols, styles, and action repertoires of contemporary (youth) cultures, sometimes even taken from the far left. In this article, we investigate extreme right visual communication through Facebook, focusing on claims to truth and authentic Nazism in relation to ‘history’, ‘nature’, and ‘gender roles’. These themes were central in National Socialism, but today need to be (re)negotiated vis-à-vis contemporary (youth) cultures. We show that while a traditional notion of ideological authority is enabled through visuals, there is also a strand of imagery depicting and celebrating ‘intimate’ communion. While this simultaneity leads to tensions within the ‘ideal extreme right subject’, we argue that such dilemmas can also be productive, allowing for the (re)negotiation of classic National Socialist doctrine in the context of contemporary (youth) cultures, and thus, potentially, for a revitalisation of the extreme right.

This study acknowledges that women participation in bee keeping is still low despite the initiatives and programs by the government and non-governmental organizations to have women participate in bee keeping in Baringo South Sub- County. The study identified that one of the factors blamed in low participation of women in bee farming in most developing countries is gender roles. This is particularly evident in male dominated societies. The study therefore sought to determine the influence of gender roles on women participation in Bee Keeping in Baringo South Sub- County. The study collected data from 128 women sampled from women engaged in bee farming in the sub-county. Data was collected through research questionnaires with closed ended questions that were self-administer by the researcher. The study revealed that gender roles had a significant influence on women participation in beekeeping. Women had huge gender roles that hampered their participation in beekeeping. The study also revealed that the high burden of gender roles on women presented itself in forms such as childrearing, household chores, income generating activities, provision of labour (paid and unpaid) and community development roles, influence female participation in bee keeping. The study recommends that gender roles should not be assigned according to biological and cultural stereotyping in order to create time for women to participate in bee keeping. Greater load with gender roles reduces women participation in beekeeping. Promotion of time saving technologies for household chores could go a long way in creating the much needed time necessary for women participation in beekeeping.

MODERN WOMEN WRITERS The public act of publishing women's texts enables a concrete and viable point of departure for a historical interpretation of women's entrance into the modern history of Korean literature. Prior to the twentieth century, a woman writer composed her works largely within the space of her home. In the early twentieth century, however, Korean women writers began to appear in literary journals and women at large began making their appearance in social and public domains by taking advantage of the impetus for women's participation provided by the movements engaged in the enlightenment, modernization, and, ultimately, liberation of Korea. Women's public participation, therefore, was initially spurred at the end of the nineteenth century by Korea's urgent need to maintain its independence, as it was caught in the web of becoming a colony of another nation. Enlightenment thinkers and, later, nationalists during the colonial period (1910–1945) sought to educate women in an effort to modernize Korea. In this sense, the fate of women writers was intrinsically tied to central social and national issues. Furthermore, the traditional framework of Confucian patriarchy transformed to a new form of patriarchy that demanded women be modern while still remaining within the strictures of the Confucian gender role. The modern gender role for women, then, meant continuing to carry out the duties of wise mother and good wife, maintaining some form of womanly virtues, while absorbing modern values. Women's texts portray the issues pertaining to social, cultural, and historical conflicts and dilemmas.

Unlike many of its western counterparts, Australia has been spared powerful surges of the extreme right throughout its history. While the nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw European democracies threatened time and time again by movements relying on ethno-exclusivism and thriving on capitalist crises, Australia suffered only relatively weak extreme right bursts whose impact remained marginal. Even the rise of the One Nation Party in 1996, as sudden as it was impressive, showed the limits in the Australian context for organisations which have proved long-lasting in Europe. This brief outline could bear a simple conclusion: Australia is immune to the extreme right. However, through a study of some of the most important extreme right failures in Australia, this article shows that rather than being immune, the country was spared an extreme right because of the policies put in place by mainstream parties and governments. By analysing mainstream politics in times of extreme right resurgence, this article highlights that by negating the extreme right's ability to appear as an alternative to the power in place, Australian mainstream politicians suffocated it. The conclusion of this article demonstrates that while the Australian extreme right has been mostly inaudible since 2001, extreme right politics, such as ethno-exclusivism, still play a crucial part in the shaping of Australian politics, notably during election campaigns.

Introduction: The issue of gender equality is gaining increasing global attention, particularly in traditional societies that often have rigid gender roles. In the context of the Mangserbu tradition in Siambo Village, Anggeraja District, Enrekang Regency, gender roles are negotiated and redefined through cultural practices. This study examines how the Mangserbu tradition facilitates gender equality through the active participation of both men and women in tasks traditionally dominated by one gender.Methods: A qualitative approach using phenomenology was used to explore the subjective experiences of participants in the Mangserbu tradition. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using triangulation techniques to ensure data validity.Results: This study found that in the Mangserbu tradition, gender roles are not limited to rigid traditional norms. Men and women collaborate on tasks typically associated with one gender, both in the domestic and public spheres. Women's participation in public activities and men's roles in domestic tasks reflect significant changes in the understanding of gender equality in the community of Siambo Village, Anggeraja District, Enrekang Regency.Conclusions: The Mangserbu tradition in Siambo Village demonstrates that cultural practices can contribute to gender equality. The flexibility of gender roles in this tradition reflects a gradual social change, where men and women play equal roles in various tasks. This case demonstrates the potential of cultural practices to create a more inclusive and gender-equal society.

The introduction of information communication technologies like mobile phones and radios as a form of agricultural extension has the capacity to alter household gender roles. The information access that was previously more available to men than women, has the capacity to empower farmers by improving their ability to turn food crops into market oriented crops. This implies that food crops, previously seen as women’s crops, also become cash crops, which were thought to be men’s crops. This change also leads to changes in agricultural gender roles. The anticipated increase in agricultural productivity also leads to men or hired labour participating in agricultural roles that were previously thought to be women’s roles, so as to meet the market demands in a timely manner. The dual purpose of the crops leads to more joint labour provision along the agricultural production process and blurs the gender divide. The study used a sequentially mixed methods’ approach among farmers belonging to five farmer groups in Apac district in Northern Uganda. The study indicated that the use of mobile phones in agricultural production altered agricultural gender roles, as well as the participation of women and men in the production of food crops and cash crops. The changes greatly benefited women farmers as they moved into commercial production alongside their husbands, which changed their socio-economic status. The use of mobile phones and radios is important in fostering the participation of both men and women in agricultural roles that they previously did not engage in, since there is limited monopoly of information once a couple navigates issues of power relations surrounding the access to and use of the technologies.

This research addresses the main problems affecting women's labor force participation in Türkiye and the proposed solutions to these problems. Women's participation in economic activities is vital not only for economic development but also for the goal of achieving gender equality. The research analyzes multidimensional factors shaping women's employment, such as education level, gender roles, informal work, glass ceiling syndrome, marital status and childcare. Data for 2021-2024 reveal that women's employment has increased, but this increase is largely concentrated in the service sector. In high value-added industrial and technology sectors, women's representation remains limited and they are mostly employed in low-status and unskilled jobs. Although higher levels of education support women's participation in the labor force, childcare responsibilities, insufficient flexible working arrangements and lack of social support mechanisms are among the main obstacles limiting women's employment. In order to increase women's participation in the labor force and develop more sustainable solutions in this area, it is recommended to increase access to education, prevent informal work, expand flexible working opportunities and implement programs that encourage female leadership. Such policies will be an important step in ensuring social equality while supporting economic growth.

The Olympic Movement (OM) has evolved considerably, with the modern Olympic Games as its main emblem in the world. Within its most recent agenda, issues such as sustainability, fair play, however, inclusion and gender equity have gained greater relevance, especially through Olympic Agenda 2020, its subsequent recommendations in Agenda 2020 + 5 and the strong influence of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) promoted by the United Nations (UN). This study analyzes the conditional role of gender and sports practice level in moderating the influence of the Olympic Movement's perception on attitudes toward women's participation in sports among Mexican university physical education, sports, and exercise sciences students. A cross-sectional, correlational-descriptive design was employed with a sample of 415 students (33.5% women) from 15 higher Mexican education institutions. Data collection utilized the Olympism Vision and Its Educational Repercussions Questionnaire and the Scale of Attitudes Toward Women's Participation in Sports. A double moderation analysis examined how gender and sports practice level moderated the relationship between Olympic Movement perceptions (threats, values, significance) and attitudes toward women's sports participation. Women exhibit greater knowledge of Olympism than men, as do high-level sports practitioners compared to their less active counterparts. Women also express a stronger positive perception of women in sports but report lower perceptions of equity and social support for women in sports compared to men. Double moderation analyses revealed that gender and sports practice level significantly shaped the relationship between perceptions of the Olympic Movement and attitudes toward women's sports participation. Women at low-to-moderate sports participation levels perceived greater threats to gender equity and more strongly identified with the Olympic Movement's values in promoting women's participation. Elite athletes of both genders recognized gender inequities within sports systems, while non-active participants linked women's participation to Olympic ideals over systemic actions. The results underscore the need for targeted policies and educational strategies to enhance gender equity and support women's sports participation. Promoting Olympic education within academic and extracurricular frameworks could strengthen critical awareness of human rights and sports values, countering stereotyped narratives and fostering equitable opportunities in sports.

Conservationists and fisheries managers have historically focused somewhat narrowly on achieving environmental goals at the expense of environmental justice. We examined the links between the two in the context of coastal fisheries management in Fiji, a nation highly dependent on marine resources and with significant external conservation investment. We focused on procedural justice, an underexamined dimension of environmental justice, which is concerned with how decisions are made and by whom. We took an intersectional approach in that we considered individuals’ multiple and interacting social identities with a focus on the roles of women. We examined the barriers to and benefits of women's and men's participation in fisheries management. We surveyed 655 key informants in 146 villages and conducted talanoa sessions (a Fijian research method) and 54 semistructured interviews in 4 of those villages. Women's participation was associated with numerous ecological and social benefits and an increase in support for fisheries management, yet their participation was very low. Women were more knowledgeable than men about the ocean, there was broad support for women's participation, and women's participation was critical for maintaining their access to fishing areas. However, restrictive gender norms and roles often limited women to token participation or no participation. This was especially true for young women and women who married into the village. Local women and men identified pathways to increasing women's participation, including the important role men can play in supporting women's voices. More generally, our results highlight the interconnection between achieving conservation and environmental goals and improving procedural environmental justice.

Zapatismo is a social movement on which there is an extensive literature, mainly focused on the gender issue. However, analyzes of the territory from the perspective of feminist political ecology are uncommon. Therefore, this research combined this approach and a qualitative methodology to meet the following objectives: (a) Describe the participation of Zapatista women in a Zapatista Autonomous Rebel Municipality (MAREZ), (b) Analyze their proposal for an ecologically viable livelihoods, (c) Investigate access to the territory and its control for women based on Zapatista autonomy. The outcomes suggest that there are advances, contradictions, and challenges in the participation of women. The Zapatistas build territories from rivers, gardens, acahuales, and mountains, whose access and control are influenced by gender roles and, therefore, women seek to transform. For instance, agroecological options achieved the ecologically viable livelihoods and have changed gender relationships in the study communities. In conclusion, the construction of the Zapatista territories is in dispute with other actors and has made it possible to promote the participation of women in this process.

This article examines the relationship between gender existence and women's roles in power politics through Surah An-Nahl verse 97. The verse affirms equal reward for righteous deeds regardless of gender, offering a theological basis for gender equality. Traditional interpretations often emphasize complementary roles between men and women, which sometimes restrict women's participation in politics. In contrast, contemporary scholars argue for an egalitarian reading, supporting women's active involvement in leadership and decision-making. The study reviews historical examples of women's participation in early Islamic societies and compares them to contemporary developments, particularly highlighting progress in the MENA region and South Asia. Case studies from Pakistan, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and Kyrgyzstan show how Muslim women leaders navigate religious, cultural, and political challenges. The article also discusses the role of Islamic feminism in reinterpreting religious texts to advocate for women's political rights and leadership. Islamic feminist scholarship challenges patriarchal readings and promotes a more inclusive understanding of Islam that supports women’s empowerment. Overall, the study asserts that Surah An-Nahl verse 97 can be a strong foundation for supporting women's equal participation in politics and public life, encouraging a more just and equitable society

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the range of theoretical underpinning used to explain women's participation as expatriates with a view to identifying the most promising theoretical lenses for future research.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon theoretical explanations in the “women in management” and “women expatriates” literature, four main theoretical domains are identified that are used to understand and explain their continuing low representation as expatriates: women's choices, assignee characteristics, social and societal norms and institutional aspects. Key theories within each domain are evaluated to suggest a future theoretical research framework.FindingsThe most promising theoretical explanation of women's low participation as expatriates is identified as being linked to gender stereotyping reinforced within an isomorphic institutional framework.Research limitations/implicationsResearch into women's inroads into management and into expatriation has generated considerable volumes of theorising in the literature. Thus, only representative examples have been selected here. In terms of future research, gender, identity and sex role theories potentially provide the most promising theoretical lenses set within the institutional framework of organisational policy and practice.Practical implicationsOrganisational approaches to international assignment policy/practice supporting female corporate expatriation are mediated by how diversity and equal opportunities policies are embedded within policy implementation.Originality/valueThere is little evidence to date of an accepted theoretical framework to test hypotheses relating to women's participation as expatriates. This paper evaluates the options and presents those with the most promise for generating an agreed and accepted framework for future female expatriate research.

Despite the importance of forests for global processes and the tradition of forest management by local Amazonian peoples, there is not much available literature on gender and forests in the Amazon region. Yet gender roles and relationships are important components of key emerging forest-related issues, such as climate change and the differential risks and opportunities faced by women and men in different contexts. This paper reviews recent literature (in English, Spanish and Portuguese) that addresses gender and forests in Amazonia, focusing on: property rights in Amazonian territories and communities; diverse and changing gender relations; forest management programs; and women's participation in social movements and organizations. The review finds significant historical, sociocultural and material barriers to gender equity and to women's full participation in sustainable management of Amazonian forests, and a relative lack of focus on gender in forest management programs, despite promising examples. The most important finding was that, over the past two decades, women from different Amazonian social groups have become increasingly organized, enhancing their rights, levels of participation and empowerment. More research is needed to understand the variability of gender relations and rights in different Amazonian contexts, and how they are changing. Research is also needed to understand and support efforts to improve gender equity in rights to resources and income and participation in key community and societal decisions on the future of Amazonian forests and their peoples.

Liberation struggle usually entails the active incorporation and participation of women. However, in the period following liberation after power is captured, we tend to see women excluded. Women are often relegated to the sidelines, gender roles are reinforced, with political positions reserved for men. In Africa, the gender backlash that follows liberation was observed in the liberation movements of the first wave (1960s and 1970s) and second wave (1980s and 1990s). However, this was not the case in Rwanda when the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) took power after halting the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. The RPF actively included women in politics appointing women to half their allocated seats in the Transitional National Parliament (TNP). This initial inclusion during the transitional period is important because it lay the ground for women's participation in Rwandan politics. The subsequent policies that enshrined women's political inclusion in the constitution through the quota system, as well the structures developed at the lowest level of government to encourage women's political participation, have their roots in the active incorporation that happened during the transitional period. This chapter explores the factors that led to this initial incorporation and why the gender backlash common in liberation movements did not occur in Rwanda.