GAZETA DE HOLANDA, IN THE ANTI-SLAVERY FIGHT: COMPLAINTS FROM A VERSE-MAKING CHRONIST

Reviewed by: Ink under the Fingernails: Printing Politics in Nineteenth-Century Mexico by Corinna Zeltsman Shelley Garrigan Keywords Printer, Political Actor, Patronage, Bourbon Reforms, Privileges, Technology, Press Freedom, Censorship, Labor, Authorship, Print Shop, Ignacio Cumplido, Inquisition, Lafragua Law, Property, Nationalization, Liberal Triumph, Porfirio Díaz, Compositor, Criminalization zeltsman, corinna. Ink under the Fingernails: Printing Politics in Nineteenth-Century Mexico. U of California P, 2021. 350 pp. Corinna Zeltsman has made a powerful contribution to Mexican studies with this detailed and profound investigation, which traces the politics of printing through the multilayered sociocultural and governmental shifts that mark the long nineteenth century in Mexico, at one point the printing hub of the Americas. Zeltsman’s investigation takes readers on a tour through the intricate debates, on-the-ground labor practices, disagreements, and laws through which printing practices evolved, traversing printing workshop floors, government offices of shifting administrations, churches, collections of official and ephemeral printed matter, jail cells, and the streets of Mexico. The effect is a persuasive invitation to consider the centrality of print culture with respect to the larger dynamics that unfold around it as the century progresses. The sheer amount and variety of archival work in this piece of scholarship is extraordinary; Zeltsman draws from a range that includes several state and municipal, notarial, and church archives, libraries, records from the 19th-century Mexican national government printing office, and a special collection of 19th-century artifacts housed at the Sutro Library of California to reconstruct a complex series of portraits of the various and evolving political dynamics in which 19th-century Mexican print culture was [End Page 637] embedded. In the introduction, the author invokes the ideas of Ángel Rama, Benedict Anderson, and Jürgen Habermas to contrast their affirmations regarding print and the public sphere in different sociopolitical contexts with Mexico, and successfully argues the case for constructing a different, more nuanced type of framework from which to assess the complexity of print dynamics in the 19th-century Mexican context. The first two chapters cover the late colonial period. Chapter one illustrates how Mexico, in the development of a nascent print culture, differed from the classic narratives of the north Atlantic in which print capitalism evolved as an independently financed venture that stood in rebellious opposition to the status quo. In Mexico, printers relied upon the vertical privileges granted by the viceregal system that operated during the era of the Bourbon reforms in order to receive permission to establish their businesses, and political actors strongly influenced the news that reached the public. In one of several gripping case studies that emerge in this investigation, Zeltsman focuses on the Gazeta de México run by Manuel Antonio Valdés, and the eventual loss of his printing privileges due to a conflict with the viceroy regarding the role of print in demonstrating individual nationalist allegiances to the Spanish Crown during the monarchical crisis of 1808. Chapter two focuses on the uneven evolution of press laws at the tail end of the colonial era, which awakened an intricate set of conflicts that would require several decades to resolve. First appearing in the Cortes of Cádiz in 1810 Spain, the laws abolishing privileges and licenses were enacted during a two-month window in Mexico in 1812, and then again during the Liberal Triennium of Spain in 1820. The vague parameters around freedom of the press required the creation of a new regulatory framework beyond the Inquisition, leading to the birth of a censorship office and a press prosecutor. The result was an abundant air of uncertainty regarding what could be printed and why. A lively published debate between two writers and the printer-heir Alejandro Valdés sheds light on how the boundaries between authors and printers were still very much in flux, and an illegal and scandalous broadside in Puebla reveals the tenuous abilities of liberal forms of print censorship to maintain social order. Chapter three, set in the 1840s, marks a shift in the historic alliance between printers and the state as officials struggled to maintain social order in an era of extreme uprisings and instability. Who, ultimately, was responsible for a given published work...

News, Censorship and Propaganda in the Gazeta de México during the Summer of 1808

Polemics, Literature, and Knowledge in Eighteenth-Century Mexico: A New World for the Republic of Letters

Introduction: This article is the result of Post-Doctoral research, carried out at Logos University International, between August 2022 and July 2023, seeking to understand man in his time together with the main vehicle of information of the period, the newspaper, the Spiritist theme and his considerations about it. Objective: The main desideratum aimed to seek to understand how the Spiritist theme was portrayed in the chronicles of Machado de Assis, more specifically, in the publications of the five series written by the author, between the years 1883 and 1897, for the Rio de Janeiro newspaper, Gazeta de Notícias, totaling 478 chronicles, all of which were read and analyzed. Method: The methodology adopted was the reading of the aforementioned chronicles through the use of digitized sources available in the Digital Hemeroteca of the National Library and which represent an enormous source of research through the website: http://memoria.bn.br/hdb/periodico.aspx, fully accessible via the Internet. Results: By reading the chronicles from 1883 to 1897, it was possible to uncover an entire universe through the pen of Machado de Assis and his considerations regarding the time in which he wrote, demonstrating his ability and talent in the act of writing. Conclusions: Through reading the chronicles, one can observe Machado de Assis's real intransigence towards spiritualism, characterized by the fine ironies directed at the theme.

Eça de Queirós and the Victorian Press

In the present article, I examine Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis’s five chronicles, published between 1894-1897 in the Rio de Janeiro newspaper A Gazeta de Notícias, on the Brazilian Republic’s assault against the Canudos community in Northeasten Brazil. Focusing on Machado’s critique of the role of communication technologies, and particularly print news, in fin de siècle Brazil, I argue that he makes use of the transformation of the messianic community into a national mediatic event to thematize the birth of a consumer society, the violent expansion of global capitalist networks and state power, authoritarianism, and the contradictory values of what he refers to as "bourgeois industrial society."

Este artigo descreve e interpreta a história das diversões no distrito de Nossa Senhora do Carmo da Mata da Ermida, no último decênio do século XIX, especialmente as diversões tradicionais e as condições econômicas que dificultaram ou favoreceram a introdução de inovações nos entretenimentos urbanos. Para a realização da pesquisa foi necessário realizar um esforço de reunir fragmentos de notícias que foram publicadas no principal periódico municipal da época, o Gazeta de Oliveira que posteriormente passou a se chamar Gazeta de Minas, combinado a isso, dados censitários do governo de Minas Gerais e registros de processos-crime. Ao final deste artigo, pretende-se mostrar que, apesar de carecer de incentivos estruturais, o distrito carmense, longe de ser um local triste, monótono ou sorumbático, possuía um ambiente lúdico repleto de festividades religiosas, cívicas e domiciliares, complementadas com companhias itinerantes que lá visitavam.

First published in Gazeta de Notícias on November 22, 1885 and then included among the sixteen stories that make up the volume Várias Histórias eleven years later, “O cônego ou metafísica do estilo” is certainly not one of the better known stories (and perhaps not even among the best ones) by Machado de Assis. It surely is not one of the most known in Italy, and this case of the canon and his tormented creative process had not found a translator, so far.

The article investigates the changes that the press underwent in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the last quarter of the 19th century. When analyzing mainly the trajectory of the Gazeta de Notícias, in step with other periodicals, one notices a collective process of changes in the configuration of the major newspapers that were then about to become real newspaper companies. These changes had a central impact on the profession of those working for newspapers, especially on journalists. This may be noticed in the very use of this category to designate certain intellectuals, especially from the 1890s onwards. The city of Rio de Janeiro and the area around the Ouvidor Street were a key part of their work. It is a circumscribed space in which men of letters clustered during that period. In this context, we will analyze statutes of newspapers and charitable associations as well as the press of the period, with focus mainly on the Gazeta de Notícias and the Almanak Administrativo, Mercantil e Industrial do Rio de Janeiro, also known as Almanak Laemmert.

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a “Questão de Grossos”, uma disputa territorial entre o Rio Grande do Norte e o Ceará ocorrida entre 1894 e 1920, com foco no período de 1901 a 1905. A pesquisa investiga como as elites locais de Grossos utilizaram esse conflito na imprensa, explorando publicações em Jornal do Brasil, O Paiz, Correio da Manhã, A Notícia e Gazeta de Notícias. Considerando a imprensa como um espaço estratégico para os debates das elites, o estudo examina como esses grupos buscavam influenciar a opinião pública, promover a visibilidade territorial de Grossos e fortalecer suas próprias posições. Assim, Grossos é interpretado não apenas como um território em disputa, mas também como um espaço de disputas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Questão de Grossos, conflito interestadual, imprensa, elites locais.

This article is part of the project Media and Human Rights in the Lusophone area, funded by CODESRIA. It seeks to identify, understand and explain the dynamics of newspapers addressing human rights in Guinea-Bissau. Referring to political liberalization (1991) which led to the liberalization of the media, the emergence of private investment, and the end of the political-military conflict (1999) until today, marked by complicated relationships between journalists and the power and the Guinean pressures perpetrated by security agents against opposition political leaders, human rights defenders and journalists. Thus, the effectiveness of freedom of the press was weakened by the lack of an institutional environment, economic and social environment favorable to their rigorous exercise. Notwithstanding this, the activity of the media has contributed to the consolidation of democracy and developed a spirit of citizenship.

The exchange, transfer and circulation of ideas are commonly associated with the Enlightenment period. In the Hispanic context, the translation of medical texts was fundamental to fostering a scientific approach to illnesses and health. In New Spain, excerpts and summaries of these texts were published in the Gazeta de México and the Diario de México, and the contributions of their editors and collaborators show the desire to escape superstition and join the progressive forefront. Childrearing and breastfeeding received ample attention in these periodicals, which used medical texts as sources to promote the practice of breastfeeding. This article argues that the moral aspects of breastfeeding overshadowed its physical advantages, and this notion was disseminated in periodicals and literary pieces in colonial Mexico. Women who did not nurse their own children as well as wet nurses were considered disruptive elements and became the target of the pro-breastfeeding movement that crossed the Atlantic via literature and periodicals.

On February 8, 1785, the Gazeta de México, one of New Spain's first news periodicals, published an announcement from the city of Guanajuato celebrating the recent birth of a pair of conjoined twins:Doña Rafaela Cortés … has delivered two children from one birth, joined together at the back of their heads by the skull. They received the holy waters of baptism and were christened Joseph Nepomuceno Guadalupe and Joseph Ignacio Guadalupe… Many people, admiring these rare effects of nature, have visited them, and there has been no record in these twins of any deformity or defect in their separate and agile bodies… The few doctors and surgeons residing in the city have considered separating them, but have not found it advisable because of the manner in which they are united, and every day more news circulates about their existence and longevity, causing ever more admiration for them given that the first one was born foot-first, and in delivering him, the midwife discovered the knot that joined the two heads.

Urban struggles and theorising from Eastern European cities

Diz a nota que anuncia este número da RHI que se fronteira é um conceito com uma conotação habitualmente mais geográfica, ele não será menos aplicável ao campo simbólico em que nascem, se desenvolvem e circulam as ideias e os saberes. Efetivamente, se há fronteiras que delimitam territórios, também há outras que moldam e determinam mentalidades. Com este texto sobre Eça, pretendemos vir ao encontro deste mote. Em que medida, o facto de ter nascido num país mediterrânico, palco privilegiado da atuação do Santo Ofício, e exercer funções consulares em Newcastle – numa sociedade mais globalizada e tolerante que a alemã da época –, em que medida estas circunstâncias influenciaram o discurso e o pensamento de Eça em relação à Questão judaica e às perseguições antissemitas ocorridas em 1880 na Alemanha? Partindo da análise do pensamento da intelectualidade europeia desta época; partindo de uma breve análise sociológica da situação dos judeus na Alemanha, avançámos para a análise do discurso de Eça, plasmado sobretudo em dois artigos que escreveu em 1880 para a Gazeta de Noticias do Rio de Janeiro. Interessou-nos saber qual o posicionamento de Eça: antissemitismo ou filosemitismo? Interessou-nos igualmente ver se o seu discurso encerrava novidade ou era antes um repositório de estereótipos e preconceitos. O resultado foi surpreendente, não obstante a ambiguidade tão característica do autor…