Abstract
This study proposed a gaze-controlled method for visualization, navigation, and retrofitting of large point cloud data (PCD), produced by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) mounted with laser range-scanners. For this purpose, the estimated human gaze point was used to interact with a head-mounted display (HMD) to visualize the PCD and the computer-aided design (CAD) models. Virtual water treat plant pipeline models were considered for retrofitting against the PCD of the actual pipelines. In such an application, the objective was to use the gaze data to interact with the HMD so the virtual retrofitting process was performed by navigating with the eye gaze. It was inferred that the integration of eye gaze tracking for visualization and interaction with the HMD could improve both speed and functionality for human–computer interaction. A usability study was conducted to investigate the speed of the proposed method against the mouse interaction-based retrofitting. In addition, immersion, interface quality and accuracy was analyzed by adopting the appropriate questionnaire and user learning was tested by conducting experiments in iterations from participants. Finally, it was verified whether any negative psychological factors, such as cybersickness, general discomfort, fatigue, headache, eye strain and difficulty concentrating through the survey experiment.
Highlights
Three-dimensional (3D) data, point cloud data (PCD), and 3D models are used every day to represent environments and objects [1]
Retrofitting existing pipelines in plants is challenging due to critical defects in unidentified complex objects, which are factors of risk for field working operators
This paper proposed a framework for virtual retrofitting of industrial pipeline plants using eye trackers to estimate the user’s gaze for interaction with a virtual environment (VE)
Summary
Three-dimensional (3D) data, PCD, and 3D models are used every day to represent environments and objects [1]. Modern PCD collection, processing, and visualization have considerable importance for many applications, including industrial design, virtual reality , augmented reality, and retrofitting. Laser range scanners have become increasingly used for sampling and creating 3D scenes, which has led to massive PCD. Interactions with the large PCD have become challenging, such as viewing, retrofitting, and presenting the data. Redesigning route plans for transporting pipes and equipment in industrial plants, e.g., petrochemical or thermal plants, and hydromodification in water treatment facilities are challenging [2] laborers involved in maintenance, reconstruction, and upgradation tasks face risks because of the unknown defects and/or unidentified complex objects in the plant
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