Gastroprotective potential of Dolichandrone falcata extract via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and mucosal healing

Studies on Activity of Various Extracts of Albizia amara against Drug induced Gastric Ulcers

The present study was designed to compare ulcer protective effect of proton pump inhibitors viz. omeprazole, rabeprazole and lansoprazole against dexamethasone plus pylorus ligation induced ulcer model. Dexamethasone (5 mg/kg) was used as an ulcerogen. Dexamethasone suspended in 1% CMC in water was given orally to all the rats 15 min after the pylorus ligation. Omeprazole (20 mg/kg), rabeprazole (20 mg/kg), and lansoprazole (20 mg/kg) were administered by oral route 30 min prior to ligation was used for ulcer protective studies, gastric secretion and mucosal studies. Effects of proton pump inhibitors were determined by the evaluation of various biochemical parameters such as ulcer index, free and total acidity, gastric pH, mucin, pepsin and total proteins. Oral administration of proton pump inhibitors showed significant reduction in gastric acid secretion and ulcer protective activity against dexamethasone plus pylorus ligation induced ulcer model. The % protection of omeprazole, rabeprazole and lansoprazole was 84.04, 89.36 and 79.78, respectively. Rabeprazole significantly inhibited the acid-pepsin secretion and increased the gastric mucin secretion. The observations made in the present study suggest that rabeprazole is the most effective gastric antisecretory and ulcer healing agent as compared to omeprazole and lansoprazole.

Objective: To evaluate the antiulcer activity of Ziziphus jujuba leaves extract (ZJE) at various doses using different experimentally induced gastric ulcer models in rats. Methods: Gastric ulcers were induced in rats by Pylorus ligation, 80% ethanol (1ml/rat) and aspirin (200mg/kg). In pylorus ligation induced ulcer model the parameters studied were gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index. Lesion index and gastric mucus content were determined in ethanol induced ulcer model and in aspirin induced ulcer model the ulcer index was determined. Results: In pylorus ligation model, ZJE pretreatment caused significant reduction in gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index as compared to control group. In ethanol-induced ulcers, ZJE was effective in reducing lesion index and increasing the gastric mucus content. It was also effective in decreasing ulcer index in aspirin-induced ulcers. All the results obtained with ZJE were dose dependent. Conclusions: The results suggest that ZJE possesses significant and dose dependent antiulcer activity. The antiulcer activity of ZJE can be attributed to its cytoprotective and antisecretory action.

The present investigation was performed in aspirin and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model in Wistar rats, in which ability of ginger oil to provide gastric protection was studied at two different doses, 0.5 and 1 g/kg po. Gastric protection was evaluated by measuring the ulcer index, serum γ-GTP levels, total acidity of gastric juice and gastric wall mucus thickness. The results obtained in the present study indicated that ginger oil has a protective action against gastric ulcers induced by aspirin plus pylorus ligation in Wistar rats.

To examine the antiulcerogenic effects of various extracts of Mentha arvensis Linn on acid, ethanol and pylorus ligated ulcer models in rats and mice. Various crude extracts of petroleum ether, chloroform, or aqueous at a dose of 2 g/kg po did not produce any signs or symptoms of toxicity in treated animals. In the pyloric ligation model oral administration of different extracts such as petroleum ether, chloroform and aqueous at 375 mg/kg po, standard drug ranitidine 60 mg/kg po and control group 1% Tween 80, 5 mL/kg po to separate groups of Wister rats of either sex (n = 6) was performed. Total acidity, ulcer number, scoring, incidence, area, and ulcer index were assessed. There was a decrease in gastric secretion and ulcer index among the treated groups i.e. petroleum ether (53.4%), chloroform (59.2%), aqueous (67.0%) and in standard drug (68.7%) when compared to the negative control. In the 0.6 mol/L HCl induced ulcer model in rats (n = 6) there was a reduction in ulcerative score in animals receiving petroleum ether (50.5%), chloroform (57.4%), aqueous (67.5%) and standard. drug (71.2%) when compared to the negative control. In the case of the 90% ethanol-induced ulceration model (n = 6) in mice, there was a decrease in ulcer score in test groups of petroleum ether (53.11%), chloroform (62.9%), aqueous (65.4%) and standard drug ranitidine (69.7%) when compared to the negative control. It was found that pre-treatment with various extracts of Mentha arvensis Linn in three rat/mice ulcer models ie ibuprofen plus pyloric ligation, 0.6 mol/L HCl and 90% ethanol produced significant action against acid secretion (49.3 ± 0.49 vs 12.0 ± 0.57, P < 0.001). Pre-treatment with various extracts of Mentha arvensis Linn showed highly -significant activity against gastric ulcers (37.1 ± 0.87 vs 12.0 ± 0.57, P < 0.001). Various extracts of Mentha arvensis Linn. 375 mg/kg body weight clearly shows a protective effect against acid secretion and gastric ulcers in ibuprofen plus pyloric ligation, 0.6 mol/L HCl induced and 90% ethanol-induced ulcer models.

In the present study Phytochemical, Pharmacological studies were performed. Heliotropium indicum Linn. belongs to family Boraginaceae and commonly known as Leihenbi, Hatisur, devil weed. The leaves have been used as asthma, urticaria, amenorrhea, high blood pressure, fevers, ulcers, and cough etc. The present study includes ethanolic leaves extract of Heliotropium indicum Linn. were investigated for phytochemical screening. The leaves of Heliotropium indicum Linn. were collected from different part of Meghalaya and Assam and cut into small pieces and shade dried. The dried powdered leaves (100gm) were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus by using different solvent by increasing polarity order. Phytochemical screening has been done by standard procedure and showed the presence of alkaloids, glycoside, carbohydrate, flavonoids, and saponins. Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, which affects approximately 5-10% of people during their life. In recent years, abundant work has been carried out on herbal medicine to clarify their potential efficacy in gastric ulcer prevention or management. Here, the present study was carried out to investigate the antiulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Heliotropium indicum Linn. in aspirin plus pylorus ligated ulceration in the albino rats. Two dose levels of the extracts i.e. 250 and 500mg/kg were selected for the further study. In Aspirin plus pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, various parameters were studied viz. gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index. Ranitidine at 50mg/kg was used as the standard drug. Pre-treatment of ethanol extract of Heliotropium indicum Linn. leaves showed a significant decrease in the gastric volume, total acidity, and free acidity. However, pH of the gastric juice was significantly increased only at a higher dose, 500 mg/kg. It showed also a significant decrease in a number of ulcers and ulcer score index in aspirin plus pylorus ligation induced ulceration models. The ethanol extract of Heliotropium indicum Linn. leaves possess significant antiulcer properties in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, the antiulcer properties of the extract may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins present in the plant extract with various biological activities. Present work justifies the traditional use of Heliotropium indicum Linn. in treatment of the diverse condition and also indicated its future importance as therapeutic substances.

Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) is an important and widely used medicinal plant, reported to contain active bitter substance like clerodin, has been widely used as tonic and anthelmintic agent in the country sides of North India. Though, variously used in Ayurveda, Unani system of medicine and Homeopathy in case of ailments like diarrhoea, skin disorders, venereal and scrofulous complaints, wounds, post-natal complications, as vermifuge, laxative and cholagogue, for the removal of ascarids in anus, as external applications on tumours, etc., Background: The present study reports the antiulcer properties of 50% ethanolic extract of Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) leaves have assessed in different acute and chronic gastric ulcer models in rats. Methods: EECI (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from ethanol (EtOH), Cold-restraint stress (CRS), Pylorus-ligation (PL) and 10 days for prevention of acetic acid induced ulcers. Results: The EECI showed significant gastric ulcer protective effect in doses of 400 mg/kg, when given twice daily for 5 days against gastric ulcers induced by ethanol (EtOH), cold restraint stress (CRS) and pyloric ligation (PL). EECI showed dose dependent decrease in ulcer index (UI) against ulcers induced by: (i) Ethanol (control UI: 29.52±2.4 mm2/rat, EECI decrease 21.12±2.3 – 5.3±1.0 (ii) Cold restraint stress (CRS) (control UI: 32.13±2.1, EECI decrease 24.02±2.2 – 4.7±1.1 (iii) pylorus ligation (control UI: 29.25±2.4 mm2/rat, EECI decrease 22.32±2.7 – 5.3±1.0, EECI 400 mg/kg significantly healed ulcers induced by 50% acetic acid after 5 (control UI: 32.30 ± 2.9, EECI decrease 26.27±1.9 – 8.56±0.98 and after 10 days treatment (control UI: 29.02 ± 2.6, healing 21.28±2.1 – 5.78±1.2. EECI prevents the oxidative damage of gastric mucosa by blocking lipid peroxidation and by significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, and increase in catalase activity. Conclusions: Our results show that Clerodendron infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae) possess significant gastro-protective activity which might be due to gastric defence factors and clerodin might be the main constituents responsible for this activity.

Gastroprotective effect of nymphayol isolated from Nymphaea stellata (Willd.) flowers: Contribution of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities

Aims:To study anti-ulcer effect of Amlodipine and compared it with ranitidine in indomethacin, alcohol and pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers in wistar rats.Materials and Methods:Gastric ulcers were induced in Wistar albino rats by oral administration of indomethacin (200 mg/kg), alcohol (80%, 1 ml/100 gm) and by pyloric ligation. Antiulcer activity of amlodipine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was observed either alone or in combination with ranitidine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), on ulcer index, gastric pH and gastric volume. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and unpaired one tailed ‘t‘ test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Amlodipine produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in ulcer index and gastric pH as compared to control. It also produced significant (P<0.05) increase in gastric volume as compared to ranitidine. The anti-ulcer effects of ranitidine were significantly higher than that of amlodipine. Combination of amlodipine and ranitidine did not show significant increase in anti-ulcer activity as compared with ranitidine alone.Conclusions:Amlodipine produced significant anti-ulcer effects in all 3 experimental models. Amlodipine increased the volume of gastric secretions as compared to ranitidine.

Objective : To evaluate the ulcer protective effect of alcoholic extract of Bauhinia variegata in rats. Materials and methods : The anti-ulcer activity of alcoholic extract of B. variegata was evaluated against gastric ulcer induced by pyloric ligation and aspirin induced ulcer model in rats. The stomach was incised along with greater curvature and examined for ulcer. Effect of alcoholic extract of B.variegata on volume of gastric secretion, total, free acidity and ulcer index in pylorus ligated and aspirin induced ulcer rat was determined. Results : Oral administration of alcoholic extract of B. variegata decreased the volume of gastric secretion, total, free acidity and ulcer index with respect to control. Conclusion : The alcoholic extract of B. variegata possesses significant (P< 0.001) ulcer protective activity.

Background: Gastric ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, which affects approximately 5-10% of people during their life. In recent years, abundant work has been carried out on herbal medicine to clarify their potential efficacy in gastric ulcer prevention or management. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antiulcer activity of the methanolic root extract of Berberis lycium in albino rats. Method: The methanolic root extract of Berberis lycium was prepared by hot extraction method. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated and method employed was pylorus ligation and ethanol induced in albino rats. Preliminary methanolic extract of Berberis lycium was subjected to the acute oral toxicity study according to the OECD guideline no. 425. Animals were divided into four groups of six animals each. The animals of Group I served as normal control (vehicle) which received distilled water. Group II and III received 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of methanolic root extract, respectively. In pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, various parameters were studied viz. gastric volume, pH, total acidity, free acidity, and ulcer index. Ulcer index and percentage inhibition of ulceration was determined for ethanol induced ulcer model. Group IV received Ranitidine at 50 mg/kg was used as the standard drug. Pretreatment of methanol root extract of Berberis lycium showed significant (P˂0.05) decrease in the gastric volume, total acidity and free acidity. However, pH of the gastric juice was significantly increased only at higher dose 500 mg/kg. It showed also significant (P˂0.05) decrease in number of ulcers and ulcer score index in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulceration models. Results: The methanol root extract of Berberis lycium showed a significant reduction in the total acidity, free acidity and acid volume. The efficacy of plant extract at high dose was comparable with the standard drug Ranitidine. Conclusion: Our study results support the ethnomedical use of root of Berberis lycium. Keywords: Antiulcer activity, Berberis lycium, Pylorus ligation, Ranitidine, Ulcer Index.

Purpose: To investigate the gastroprotective effect of Alpinia conchigera rhizome in an ulcer rat model.&#x0D; Method: Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ethanol extract of Alpinia conchigera at doses of 75 and 150 mg/kg body weight. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed. Ulcer index, total acidity, pH, hemoglobin levels, and hemorrhagic lesions were determined through macroscopic assessment and histopathological examination. The levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were also determined.&#x0D; Results: Alpinia conchigera significantly reduced ulcer index, total acidity, pH and hemoglobin levels (p &lt; 0.05). Results from histology revealed that the extract protected the mucosa from lesions. Moreover, the extract significantly enhanced gastric mucosal activities of SOD and CAT, and decreased LPO levels and plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (p &lt; 0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: These results validate the traditional claims on the gastroprotective effects of Alpinia conchigera as revealed through its antioxidant and ulcer-healing properties by stimulation of important cellular mechanisms.

Anti-ulcerogenic activity of dentatin from clausena excavata Burm.f. against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: Possible role of mucus and anti-oxidant effect

Leathery Murdah, Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. from family Combretaceae is used in Ayurveda and Siddha traditional systems of medicine to heal ulcers. The present study was conducted to assess the gastroprotective effect and understand the fundamental mechanism of action of Leathery Murdah, Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. Leaf Methanolic Extract. The test extract was screened for anti-ulcer activity by Aspirin induced ulcerogenesis in pyloric ligation and ethanol induced gastric ulcers at three doses - 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, p.o. using Ranitidine 50 mg/kg and Misoprostol 100 μg/kg as standard drug in respective models. Seven parameters were carefully examined, that is, ulcer index, total protein, mucin, catalase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels and histopathology. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic - Ultra Violet profiling and Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectral analysis of crude Terminalia coriacea leaves methanolic extract were carried out as a part of chemical characterization to identify bioactive compounds. All the test doses exhibited significant gastroprotective function, particularly the higher doses demonstrated improved action. The results revealed a significant increase in the levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and Mucin with reduction in ulcer index, the levels of total protein, and malondialdehyde. Histopathological observations also illustrated the gastroprotective effect of Terminalia coriacea leaves methanolic extract. Terminalia coriacea leaves methanolic extract exhibited strong anti-oxidant and anti-secretory activities mediated gastroprotection besides inducing the gastric mucosal production. The observed pharmacological response can be attributed to the flavonoidal compounds namely - Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Myricetin hexoside, Quercetin-3-O-glucoside, Isorhamnetin-3-O-rhamnosylglucoside and Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside identified in the extract for the first time with High Performance Liquid Chromatographic - Ultra Violet and Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectral analysis.

MS/MS-based molecular networking for exploring the chemical diversity of Chiliadenus montanus (Vahl.) brullo and Chiliadenus candicans (Delile) brullo and their anti-ulcer potential via modulation of Nrf2/ICAM-1 in rats.