Abstract
Hypericum perforatum (HP) is a plant native to Asia and Europe. It has been documented to enclose medical effects against many disorders such as anxiety, depression and burns. This experiment was performed to evaluate the gastro-protective effect of Hypericum perforatum leaf extract in ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats as compared to esomeprazole (the drug of choice for stomach ulcers). The mechanism of action was performed by Auto Dock Vina method.Ethanol ingestion up regulated the inflammatory reaction as demonstrated by rise of gastric proinflammatory TNF-α with a decline of IL-1β. On the other hand, the phytochemical screening of HP revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, steroids and saponins. The high dose of HP group shows mild injuries to the gastric mucosa which is comparable to the esomeprazole group, in contrast, severe damages are observed in the gastric mucosa of the ulcer control rats group. In silico results revealed that Amentoflavone and Quercitrin have highest affinity and very good interactions with H+/K+ ATPase α active site. This study showed that HP is nearly as effective as esomeprazole to prevent ethanol induced gastric ulcer the plant extract and it has more binding affinity than esomeprazole to gastric proton pumps.
Highlights
Gastric ulcer disease is an illness which affects large number of people worldwide
There are many treatments options for peptic ulcer like (proton pump inhibitors, histamine-2 receptor blockers, prostaglandin analogue, misoprostol, bismuth sucralfate, and antibiotics for eradication of H. pylori, But treatment of peptic ulcer becomes difficult with these drugs because of unpredictable adverse effects of these drugs when used for a long term (Cadirci et al, 2007)
The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed on ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum, the results indicated the presence of a number of important phytochemical natural product group Table 2
Summary
Gastric ulcer disease is an illness which affects large number of people worldwide. It will develop when there is an imbalance between the protective factors like (bicarbonate, mucus layer, mucosal blood flow), and aggressive factors like (Helicobacter pylori, HCl, pepsins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), bile acids, ischemia, hypoxia, smoking and alcohol) at the luminal surface of the epithelial cells (Awaad et al, 2013). Gastric ulcers are caused either by using NSAIDs or infection with H. pylori, NSAIDs works via inhibition of COX enzymes and inhibition of the production of prostaglandins which is a gastro-intestinal cell protective agent (Papadakis and McPhee, 2019). Oxidative stress has a role in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury (Khazaei and Salehi, 2006; Sibilia et al, 2003)
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