Abstract
Background and Aim: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has posed an enormous threat to the economy and people's lives across various countries. Patients with COVID-19 most commonly present with respiratory symptoms. However, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can also occur. We aimed to study the relationship between GI symptoms and disease prognosis in patients with COVID-19.Methods: In a single-center and retrospective cohort study, the outcomes in COVID-19 patients with or without GI symptoms were compared. The propensity score is a conditional probability of having a particular exposure (COVID-19 patients with GI symptoms vs. without GI symptoms) given a set of baseline measured covariates. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and any differences in survival were evaluated with a stratified log-rank-test. To explore the GI symptoms associated with ARDS, non-invasive ventilator treatment, tracheal intubation, tracheotomy, and CRRT, univariable and multivariable COX regression models were used.Results: Among 1,113 eligible patients, 359 patients with GI symptoms and 718 without GI symptoms had similar propensity scores and were included in the analyses. Patients with GI symptoms, as compared with those without GI symptoms, were associated with a similar risk of death, but with higher risks of ARDS, non-invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients, respectively.Conclusions: The presence of GI symptoms was associated with a high risk of ARDS, non-invasive mechanical ventilation and tracheal intubation in patients with COVID-19 but not mortality.
Highlights
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has posed an enormous threat to the economy and people’s lives across various countries [1, 2]
We aimed to study the relationship between GI symptoms and disease prognosis in patients with COVID-19
To explore the GI symptoms associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), non-invasive ventilator treatment, tracheal intubation, tracheotomy, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), univariable and multivariable COX regression models were used
Summary
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has posed an enormous threat to the economy and people’s lives across various countries [1, 2]. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 appears to be wide, ranging from asymptomatic infection, mild to critically-ill cases [3,4,5,6]. Significant comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were associated with developing severe and critical COVID-19 condition [7, 8]. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, and dyspnoea [10]. Patients with COVID-19 most commonly present with respiratory symptoms. We aimed to study the relationship between GI symptoms and disease prognosis in patients with COVID-19
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