Abstract
BackgroundMetastatic vulval adenocarcinoma is a rare occurrence with only a few cases reported to date. They can arise from the breast, gastrointestinal system, or endometrium.Case presentationWe present the case of a 55-year-old Black African woman who presented with vulval itching which progressed to warty lesions. Histology revealed a vulval adenocarcinoma which immunohistochemistry suggested was of gastrointestinal origin. Colonoscopy later confirmed an anorectal tumor as the primary site. Despite extensive chest metastases she looked surprisingly well and had no pulmonary symptoms. The major source of symptomatic distress was the itchy extensive warty lesions on her vulva. She has since had a vulvectomy which gave her significant symptomatic relief.ConclusionsThis case was interesting as vulval adenocarcinoma is a rare histological diagnosis found in less than 10% of vulval cancers. Primary vulval adenocarcinoma is rare with most of these cancers being secondary metastases from a distant site. Her symptoms were predominantly vulval with no chest symptoms even though she had extensive pulmonary metastases. She has been clinically well except for the itching suggesting an indolent course.
Highlights
Metastatic vulval adenocarcinoma is a rare occurrence with only a few cases reported to date
This case was interesting as vulval adenocarcinoma is a rare histological diagnosis found in less than 10% of vulval cancers
Primary vulval adenocarcinoma is rare with most of these cancers being secondary metastases from a distant site. Her symptoms were predominantly vulval with no chest symptoms even though she had extensive pulmonary metastases
Summary
Vulval adenocarcinoma is a rare histological diagnosis and on diagnosis an effort should be made to identify the primary tumor. Primary vulval adenocarcinoma can arise from the Bartholin’s gland but is rare. Immunohistochemistry is useful in differentiating several types of adenocarcinoma. Treatment is often palliative with a few months’ survival from diagnosis
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